tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73938018134618165332023-11-15T08:30:04.691-08:00Examples of text analysisJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.comBlogger228125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-29880246054750748592020-08-27T09:49:00.001-07:002020-08-27T09:49:07.395-07:00Maya Angelou Interpretation of Poetry Free EssaysMaya Angelou Dr. Maya Angelou, conceived April 24, 1928, was an amazing artist, memoirist, author, instructor, screenwriter, maker, entertainer, student of history, movie producer, and social liberties lobbyist known as perhaps the best voice of renaissance. She encountered brutal racial segregation all through her lifetime, but amidst her preliminaries she never loses dignity or certainty. We will compose a custom paper test on Maya Angelou: Interpretation of Poetry or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Through her incredible conveyance of words she dually exemplifies her enthralling character and disposition. By and large, her works are portrayals of what her identity is and what she has faith in. Sandra Cookson is the writer of an article included in World Literature Today, distributed by the University of Oklahoma, who makes a great showing of lighting up Angelouââ¬â¢s significant messages that exist in her sonnet ââ¬Å"Still I Riseâ⬠. Moreover, Kelly Holland Cecil, an understudy who went to University of North Carolina in 1998, directed a careful investigation on a considerable lot of Angelouââ¬â¢s Poems. Cecil gives an entryway of understanding as she scientifically goes into profundity on clarifying Dr. Angelouââ¬â¢s sonnet, ââ¬Å"Phenomenal Womanâ⬠. Through cautious examination and investigation of Angelouââ¬â¢s verse followed by research got from research a comprehension of what her identity was and the message she was attempting to get across might be created. Regardless, Angelou accepts that being ââ¬Å"phenomenalâ⬠doesn't originate from the magnificence that is acknowledged from others however from oneââ¬â¢s certified uniqueness. The persona in ââ¬Å"Phenomenal Woman,â⬠depicts a solid, pleased lady of unobtrusiveness and lowliness which is without a doubt Angelou. She shows this in the main line of the sonnet, when she says ââ¬Å"Pretty ladies wonder where my mystery lies. The examiner intentionally isolates herself from the ââ¬Å"in-crowdâ⬠, which for this situation is ââ¬Å"pretty ladies. â⬠Thus, recommending that she doesn't view herself as alluring. At that point, in line 2 she consoles the examiner of her attitude when she composes ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m not adorable or worked to suit a desi gn modelââ¬â¢s size. â⬠After at first perusing these initial two lines, it is workable for them to be confused with uncertainties, yet as one peruses further, plainly Angelou isn't embarrassed about her distinction yet in reality abundantly unobtrusive. Itââ¬â¢s in the compass of my arms The range of my hips, The step of my progression, The twist of my lips. Iââ¬â¢m a lady Phenomenally. Amazing lady, Thatââ¬â¢s me. Subsequent to perusing the lines above, there is no uncertainty that the she doesn't see herself as a lady with model magnificence, in any case, in her point of view, an incredible lady. Taking a gander at lines 1-4 above, instead of the customary looks that are commonly acknowledged from men of female models, she lights up the less observable highlights of her body that make her interesting in an extraordinary manner. Albeit a definite number was unmentioned, she explicitly alludes to her stature in line 3 above. Angelou was an overwhelming lady remaining at around six feet tall(Cecil 1998). This is one more showcase of Angelouââ¬â¢s character demonstrating that she is pleased with the physical highlights she has that make her incomparable. Besides, the Angelou utilizes reiteration which as indicated by Cecil ââ¬Å"helps give the sonnet a stream and causes it to appear to be progressively recognizable and expressive. â⬠The individual rehashes the accompanying lines toward the finish of every refrain: Iââ¬â¢m a lady Phenomenally Phenomenal lady Thatââ¬â¢s me. Due to Angelouââ¬â¢s history of musicality she fuses this style of reiteration similarly as a snare or chorale to a tune. She does in such a way, that nearly powers the examiner to state it with her and in the end recognize that she isn't a ââ¬Å"pretty womanâ⬠, however ââ¬Å"a marvelous lady/phenomenallyâ⬠. As per Cecil, This may have been affected by her profession as an artist and as a Broadway entertainer. Moreover, Cookson cites that, ââ¬Å"The melodic flows of blues and jazz, the cadence of rap tunes, and the language of the Bible blend in her sonnets. Through the inventiveness of analogies and symbolism in Angelouââ¬â¢s sonnet ââ¬Å"Still I Riseâ⬠she can portray herself that uncovers her as a resilient lady of shading by showing her degree of assurance and diligence to defeat racial separation. In the principal refrain of this specific sonnet, she has a mentality that epitomizes her solid willed character as she alludes to the numero us things that she has experienced all through her lifetime. In line 4 of the sonnet she announces that notwithstanding her situation ââ¬Å"stillâ⬠like the ââ¬Å"dustâ⬠of the ground she will rise. Accordingly, demonstrating explanations made by Cookson when she composes ââ¬Å"â⬠¦ The language of the book of scriptures blend in her poemsâ⬠. Scripturally, God made humanity through the residue of the ground, so basically Angelou is utilizing symbolism to show that similarly as God made man ascend from dust, regardless of what power is against her she can at present ascent up and be triumphant. By taking the verses of Angelouââ¬â¢s sonnet into thought, one may see that she communicates in a manner that relates to the brutal separation she persevered. In the expressions of Cookson, Still I rise is ââ¬Å"a sonnet about the endurance of dark ladies in spite of each sort of humiliationâ⬠¦ America has oppressed them since the times of slaveryâ⬠(800). In light of this announcement, there ought to be no doubt of the reviewer in her sonnet, as it is by all accounts the prevailing white race in America. In the accompanying lines Angelou uncovers her solidarity to endure separation: You may shoot me with your words, You may cut me with your eyes, You may execute me with your contempt, But still, similar to air, Iââ¬â¢ll rise. Angelouââ¬â¢s accepts this as an open door to pass on her emotions towards the separation She has persevered. In the above refrain, she lights up that she has been ââ¬Å"hated onâ⬠, ââ¬Å"looked down uponâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"spoken to harshlyâ⬠in view of her shading. In any case, she doesnââ¬â¢t permit herself to be broken by the conditions she faces. Regardless, she ââ¬Å"risesâ⬠. By venting on Angelouââ¬â¢s verse systematically, one can see that her character represents a lady who is solid, lenient, unassuming, and perseverant even with affliction. In her sonnet ââ¬Å"Still I Riseâ⬠she proceeds to state ââ¬Å"I am the fantasy and the expectation of the slaveâ⬠. This is Angelou strong expressing that where others have fizzled, she has thrived due to her persistence and duty to herself to be who she isââ¬Ã¢â¬Å"A Phenomenal Woman, Phenomenallyâ⬠. Works Cited Cecil, Kelly Holland. Maya Angelou - 1928. 1998. 20 4 2012 http://www. uncp. edu/home/canada/work/canam/angelou. htm. Cookson, Sandra. World Literature Today. Vol. Vol. 69. Harvest time: World Literature Today, 1995. Penguin Creative. Dr. Maya Angelou, The Official Website . 2012 . http://mayaangelou. com/bio/. The most effective method to refer to Maya Angelou: Interpretation of Poetry, Essay models Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-44421712658891985592020-08-22T11:28:00.001-07:002020-08-22T11:28:08.921-07:00Complete Guide to Integers on ACT Math (Advanced)Complete Guide to Integers on ACT Math (Advanced) SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Whole numbers, whole numbers, whole numbers (gracious, my)! You've just found out about your essential ACT whole numbers and now you're craving to handle the substantial hitters of the number world. Need to know how to (rapidly) discover a rundown of prime numbers? Need to realize how to control and take care of type issues? Root issues? Well look no further! This will be your finished manual for cutting edge ACT whole numbers, including prime numbers, examples, outright qualities, back to back numbers, and roots-what they mean, just as how to comprehend the more troublesome whole number inquiries that may appear on the ACT. Ordinary Integer Questions on the ACT First of all there is, shockingly, no ââ¬Å"typicalâ⬠whole number inquiry on the ACT. Whole numbers spread such a wide assortment of points that the inquiries will be various and differed. What's more, thusly, there can be no reasonable layout for a standard number inquiry. In any case, this guide will walk you through a few genuine ACT math models on every number theme so as to give you a portion of the a wide range of sorts of whole number inquiries the ACT may toss at you. As a general guideline, you can tell when an ACT question expects you to utilize your whole number strategies and abilities when: #1: The inquiry explicitly makes reference to whole numbers (or successive whole numbers) It could be a word issue or even a geometry issue, yet you will realize that your answer must be in entire numbers (whole numbers) when the inquiry pose for at least one whole numbers. (We will experience the way toward tackling this inquiry later in the guide) #2: The inquiry includes prime numbers A prime number is a particular sort of whole number, which we will examine later in the guide. For the present, realize that any notice of prime numbers implies it is a whole number inquiry. A prime number an is squared and afterward added to an alternate prime number, b. Which of the accompanying could be the conclusive outcome? A significantly number An odd number A positive number I as it were II as it were III as it were I and III as it were I, II, and III (We'll experience the way toward comprehending this inquiry later in the guide) #3: The inquiry includes increasing or separating bases and types Types will consistently be a number that is situated higher than the primary (base) number: $4^3$, $(y^5)^2$ You might be solicited to discover the qualities from types or locate the new articulation once you have increased or partitioned terms with types. (We will experience the way toward settling this inquiry later in the guide) #4: The inquiry utilizes impeccable squares or pose to you to decrease a root esteem A root question will consistently include the root sign: âËÅ¡ $âËÅ¡36$, $^3âËÅ¡8$ The ACT may request that you decrease a root, or to locate the square foundation of an ideal square (a number that is equivalent to a whole number squared). You may likewise need to increase at least two roots together. We will experience these definitions just as how these procedures are done in the segment on roots. (We will experience the way toward explaining this inquiry later in the guide) (Note: A root question with immaculate squares may include parts. For more data on this idea, look to our guide on parts and proportions.) #5: The inquiry includes an outright worth condition (with numbers) Anything that is a flat out worth will be organized with total worth signs which resemble this: | For instance: $|-43|$ or $|z + 4|$ (We will experience how to tackle this issue later in the guide) Note: there are commonly two various types of supreme worth issues on the ACT-conditions and imbalances. About a fourth of the supreme worth inquiries you go over will include the utilization of imbalances (spoke to by or ). In the event that you are new to disparities, look at our manual for ACT imbalances (not far off!). Most of outright worth inquiries on the ACT will include a composed condition, either utilizing whole numbers or factors. These ought to be genuinely direct to comprehend once you become familiar with the intricate details of supreme qualities (and monitor your negative signs!), all of which we will cover beneath. We will, be that as it may, just spread composed outright worth conditions in this guide. Supreme worth inquiries with imbalances are canvassed in our manual for ACT disparities. We will experience these inquiries and points all through this guide in the request for most noteworthy commonness on the ACT. We guarantee that your way to cutting edge whole numbers won't take you 10 years or more to get past (taking a gander at you, Odysseus). Examples Example addresses will show up on each and every ACT, and you'll likely observe a type question at any rate twice per test. Regardless of whether you're being approached to duplicate types, isolate them, or take one example to another, you'll have to realize your type rules and definitions. An example demonstrates how often a number (called a ââ¬Å"baseâ⬠) must be increased without anyone else. So $3^2$ is a similar thing as saying 3*3. Also, $3^4$ is a similar thing as saying 3*3*3*3. Here, 3 is the base and 2 and 4 are the examples. You may likewise have a base to a negative type. This is a similar thing as saying: 1 partitioned by the base to the positive example. For instance, 4-3 becomes $1/{4^3}$ = $1/64$ Be that as it may, how would you increase or gap bases and types? Never dread! The following are the primary example decides that will be useful for you to know for the ACT. Example Formulas: Duplicating Numbers with Exponents: $x^a * x^b = x^[a + b]$ (Note: the bases must be the equivalent for this standard to apply) For what reason is this valid? Consider it utilizing genuine numbers. On the off chance that you have $3^2 * 3^4$, you have: (3*3)*(3*3*3*3) On the off chance that you check them, this give you 3 increased without anyone else multiple times, or $3^6$. So $3^2 * 3^4$ = $3^[2 + 4]$ = $3^6$. $x^a*y^a=(xy)^a$ (Note: the examples must be the equivalent for this standard to apply) For what reason is this valid? Consider it utilizing genuine numbers. In the event that you have $3^5*2^5$, you have: (3*3*3*3*3)*(2*2*2*2*2) = (3*2)*(3*2)*(3*2)*(3*2)*(3*2) So you have $(3*2)^5$, or $6^5$ On the off chance that $3^x*4^y=12^x$, what is y as far as x? ${1/2}x$ x 2x x+2 4x We can see here that the base of the last answer is 12 and $3 *4= 12$. We can likewise observe that the conclusive outcome, $12^x$, is taken to one of the first example esteems in the condition (x). This implies the examples must be equivalent, as at exactly that point would you be able to increase the bases and keep the type flawless. So our last answer is B, $y = x$ On the off chance that you were unsure about your answer, at that point plug in your own numbers for the factors. Suppose that $x = 2$ $32 * 4y = 122$ $9 * 4y = 144$ $4y = 16$ $y = 2$ Since we said that $x = 2$ and we found that $y = 2$, at that point $x = y$. So once more, our answer is B, y = x Isolating Exponents: ${x^a}/{x^b} = x^[a - b]$ (Note: the bases must be the equivalent for this standard to apply) For what reason is this valid? Consider it utilizing genuine numbers. ${3^6}/{3^4}$ can likewise be composed as: ${(3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3)}/{(3 * 3 * 3 * 3)}$ In the event that you offset your last 3s, youââ¬â¢re left with (3 * 3), or $3^2$ So ${3^6}/{3^4}$ = $3^[6 - 4]$ = $3^2$ The above $(x * 10^y)$ is classified logical documentation and is a strategy for composing either enormous numbers or extremely little ones. You don't have to see how it functions so as to take care of this issue, in any case. Simply think about these as some other bases with examples. We have a specific number of hydrogen particles and the components of a container. We are searching for the quantity of atoms per one cubic centimeter, which implies we should isolate our hydrogen particles by our volume. So: $${8*10^12}/{4*10^4}$$ Take every segment independently. $8/4=2$, so we realize our answer is either G or H. Presently to finish it, we would state: $10^12/10^4=10^[12âË'4]=10^8$ Presently set up the pieces: $2x10^8$ So our full and last answer is H, there are $2x10^8$ hydrogen atoms per cubic centimeter in the crate. Taking Exponents to Exponents: $(x^a)^b=x^[a*b]$ For what reason is this valid? Consider it utilizing genuine numbers. $(3^2)^4$ can likewise be composed as: (3*3)*(3*3)*(3*3)*(3*3) On the off chance that you tally them, 3 is being duplicated without anyone else multiple times. So $(3^2)^4$=$3^[2*4]$=$3^8$ $(x^y)3=x^9$, what is the estimation of y? 2 3 6 10 12 Since examples taken to types are duplicated together, our concern would resemble: $y*3=9$ $y=3$ So our last answer is B, 3. Disseminating Exponents: $(x/y)^a = x^a/y^a$ For what reason is this valid? Consider it utilizing genuine numbers. $(3/4)^3$ can be composed as $(3/4)(3/4)(3/4)=9/64$ You could likewise say $3^3/4^3= 9/64$ $(xy)^z=x^z*y^z$ On the off chance that you are taking an altered base to the intensity of an example, you should disseminate that type across both the modifier and the base. $(2x)^3$=$2^3*x^3$ For this situation, we are conveying our external type across the two bits of the inward term. So: $3^3=27$ What's more, we can see this is a type taken to an example issue, so we should duplicate our types together. $x^[3*3]=x^9$ This implies our last answer is E, $27x^9$ What's more, in case you're unsure whether you have discovered the correct answer, you can generally test it out utilizing genuine numbers. Rather than utilizing a variable, x, let us supplant it with 2. $(3x^3)^3$ $(3*2^3)^3$ $(3*8)^3$ $24^3$ 13,824 Presently test which answer matches 13,824. We'll spare ourselves some time by testing E first. $27x^9$ $27*2^9$ $27*512$ 13,824 We have discovered a similar answer, so we know for sure that E must be right. (Note: while dispersing types, you may do as such with augmentation or division-examples don't convey over expansion or deduction. $(x+y)^a$ isn't $x^a+y^a$, for instance) Exceptional Exponents: It is regular for the ACT to ask you what happens when you have an example of 0: $x^0=1$ where x is any number aside from 0 (Why any number yet 0? Well 0 to any power other than 0 equivalents 0, in light of the fact that $0^x=0$. Furthermore, some other number to the intensity of 0 = 1. This makes $0^0$ unclear, as it could Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-78876621738897420972020-08-21T09:09:00.001-07:002020-08-21T09:09:36.601-07:00Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Campout for Tickets at Duke Fuqua Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Campout for Tickets at Duke Fuqua When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment, but are also making a commitment to a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life âbeyond the MBA classroomâ at a top business school. In early September, approximately 2,000 students from all the graduate programs at Duke University participate in Campout in hopes of winning the right to buy one of the approximately 700 graduate student season tickets to the Duke menâs basketball teamâs home games at Cameron Indoor Stadium. (Undergraduates sit in different sections and have a separate ticket process.) Campout is one big lottery, but over the course of 36 hours, from Friday evening to Sunday midday, the numbers are whittled down through periodic checks. Monitors blow whistles to make sure that students are presentâ"and awakeâ"so as not to miss their chance to participate in the ticket lottery. More than 1,500 of the original 2,000 usually make it to the end and are entered in the lottery for the tickets. Students usually participate in Campout in groups to increase their chances of collectively winning a few season tickets and then, if successful, divvy up the actual games among the members of the group (i.e., eight students may win four season tickets, so each will get to attend about half the games). Many of these groups also rent trailers and bring tables for beer pong and video game stations, and come armed with grills, drinks, and music. âItâs like a long party,â a first-year student told mbaMission, âand itâs a great way to get to know students in other graduate programs.â Another first year echoed this sentiment, and selected Campout as the social highlight of his Fuqua experience thus far, describing for us the âhuge tailgating atmosphereâ and saying he had a âgreat time getting to know other students.â For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at Duke Fuqua and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the mbaMission Insiderâs Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Duke University (Fuqua) Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-54873010881878203402020-05-25T14:47:00.001-07:002020-05-25T14:47:03.004-07:00How to Increase Club Room Free Essay Example, 2000 words With regards to increasing sales, one of the first priorities should be to increase Club Room capacity, either by better use of the existing space; or by refurbishing one of the function rooms to use as a second Club Dining Room. However, possibly the best option, given that the Downs Carvery is taking less than half of the revenue of the Club Room, is to switch these two rooms around. This would give a Club Room with a capacity of 160, potentially doubling takings from Club Dining. Whilst the Carvery would be reduced to a capacity of 70, it should still be able to accommodate its patrons, as its prices are just over half that of the Club Room, but its food takings are less than half, indicating that it has fewer patrons than the Club Room. There are two potential hindrances to this plan. Firstly, the d cor may be very different in both of these rooms, and so it may not be straightforward to switch them around and may require refurbishment. Secondly, the distribution of visits to th e Carvey may not be even. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Increase Club Room or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page However, excessive price rises could harm the reputation of the new club owners, and lead to a member s backlash. Cutting costs is another potential option for increasing profitability however, in the short term, this would need to be done either by sourcing cheaper food and liquor or by reducing wages. Better sourcing tends to take time to implement, hence this would likely only have a minimal impact on the current year. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-37877749466990649652020-05-14T21:04:00.001-07:002020-05-14T21:04:02.595-07:00The Theory On Rainbow Formation And The Mechanics Of Them... Rainbows and the mechanics of them have been studied since ancient times. Greek philosophers had some understanding of the role of refraction, scientists in the 13th century produced theories on rainbow formation, and in the 17th century, Rene Descartes sketched out the conditions required to observe a rainbow (Douma). There are two key aspects that affect a rainbow, and these include the altitude of the sun and the size of the raindrops. The colors of the rainbow are because of two basic facts: â⬠¢ Sunlight is made up of the whole range of colors that the eye can detect. The range of sunlight colors, when combined, looks white to the eye. This property of sunlight was first demonstrated by Sir Isaac Newton in 1666. â⬠¢ Light of different colors is refracted by different amounts when it passes from one medium (air, for example) into another (water or glass, for example) (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research). Determining whether or not the wavelengths will go through the raindrops or reflect depends on the angle that the light falls on the backside of the raindrop. Each rain droplet has a function in the formation of the rainbow. Sunlight enters the rain droplet at a specific angle and the rain droplet separates the white light into many different colors. This angle is a fixed measurement between your eye and the sun. What color that is refracted is dependent on the critical angle, the angle the sunlight strikes the back of the rain droplet (Mahlen). RedShow MoreRelatedA Rainbow, By Rene Descartes1743 Words à |à 7 Pagesbe able to really discuss rainbows we have to know the mechanics of them, which has been studied since ancient times. Greek philosophers were aware of the role of reflection in forming a rainbow and had some understanding of the role of refraction. In the 13th century, scientists produced theories on rainbow formation, and in the 17th century, Rene Descartes sketched out the conditions required to observe a rainbow (Douma). There are two key aspects that affect a rainbow, and these include the altitudeRead MorePhysics in Daily Life13985 Words à |à 56 Pagesissues. Wherever possible the subject content should be presented within a contemporary context relevant to the lives of students and within a historical context which illustrates how the scientific ideas were developed and the scientists who developed them. Aims To emphasize the importance of the process of scientific investigation as a means of solving problems in every day life; To contribute to the pupilsââ¬â¢ general education by helping to make sense of the physical environment through scientific inquiry;Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words à |à 319 PagesMexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sà £o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Copyright à © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing ofRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 Pages New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.ââ¬â8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-59142940770715907792020-05-06T15:42:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:42:36.273-07:00High Blood Pressure And Heart Disease Essay - 1814 Words United States(US) is most obese country in North America and has not taken effective measures to significantly dwindle down the obese or overweight population. Obesity is a condition where a person has built up body fat from food to the point where their weight can have negative effects on their health. Being overweight means a person weighs more than what is considered normal for the age, height and gender while being obese is a person having a Body Mass Index of over 30 pounds. If untreated the accumulated body fat can cause type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease, for this reason the United States must take effective action to tackle down the obese population. A common myth is that people become obese because they chose to eat junk food and refuse to eat little to no healthy food with no self-control of their eating habits. The real truth is fast food companies sell unhealthy foods cheaper than healthy foods resulting in low income families and people on a tight b udget to chose the cheaper food deal. The cheaper food deals combined with the rise of technology to make transportation easier than the 20th century and walking seem like a chore. The unfortunate phenomenon has made it the duty of the 18 to 25 year old, which from here on will be referred to as young adults, to set healthy examples for future generations while demanding that fast food businesses make healthy foods just as affordable as unhealthy food. Through human history exercise was justShow MoreRelatedCardiovascular Disease ( Cvd ), High Blood Pressure, Congestive Heart Failure1662 Words à |à 7 PagesThis literature review will cover 20 different articles and journals pertaining to cardiovascular disease (CVD), high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, hypertension and other coronary heart disease among the Muslim community. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the decreasing of blood flow due to condensing and toughening of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle s. A recent study found that every 33 seconds, there are death from CVD in the United States (ARA, 2004). The main problemsRead MoreHeart Disease And Cardiovascular Disease1028 Words à |à 5 PagesCommunity College Coleman Heart Disease Paper Julissa Diaz Ms. Williams ECRD 1211 Spring 2017 Diaz 2 Heart Disease Paper A heart disease or cardiovascular disease are problems such as, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure or arrhythmia. Our heart sends blood around our body and if we have any sort of failure with our hearts it will not transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body causing for a disease to start or occur. Some diseases come heredity but most canRead MoreEssay on Coronary Heart Disease1167 Words à |à 5 PagesCoronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease occurs when the coronary arteries become partially blocked from, cholesterol and fat, circulating in the blood. This causes a build up inside the walls of the arteries. This only occurs if the levels of fat and cholesterol are extremely high in the blood that there is a greater chance that it will be deposited onto the artery walls. If the arteries become completely blocked, the patient will have a myocardial infarction,Read MoreThe Effects Of High Blood Pressure On The Heart1408 Words à |à 6 Pages High blood pressure has many damaging effects on the heart. High blood pressure is known as a silent killer and if left untreated can cause serious damage to the heart. What causes high blood can differ from person to person. What causes this for some may be different with another. Genetics, diet, family history, weight, and use of salt are just some of the causes of high blood pressure. Some of the ways that high blood pressure damages the heart is through narrowing of the arteries in theRead MoreHigh Blood Pressure Is An Important Disease1584 Words à |à 7 PagesHigh Blood Pressure High blood pressure is an important disease that we should all be aware off. We should be aware of it because even though we think we canââ¬â¢t get it, we can still potentially get it if we donââ¬â¢t take care of ourselves. Getting a better understanding of what this diseases can help ourselves and even our love ones to live a longer life. High blood pressure can be a silent killer if itââ¬â¢s not cured or detected. Even though it can be deadly, there are ways that it can be prevented. ThereRead MoreHigh Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease793 Words à |à 3 PagesUrologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse provides information on the link between high blood pressure and kidney disease. The kidneys play a key role in keeping a persons blood pressure in a healthy range, and blood pressure, in turn, can affect the health of the kidneys. High blood pressureà ¦can damage the kidneys and lead to chronic kidney disease (National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghous e n.d.). High blood pressure is the second leading cause of kidney disease (AmericanRead MoreLiving With Hypertension ( Htc )1161 Words à |à 5 Pages HS200 Diseases of the Human Body Unit 4 Capstone Project Living With Hypertension Kaplan University August 19, 2014 Hypertension (HTC) also known as High Blood pressure,some even call the lifestyle disease. About 70 million adults and 2 million teens and childrenRead MoreYunkyung Eom. Professor Chad Hammett. English 1301 . April1471 Words à |à 6 Pageshypertension (high blood pressure) is predicted to be 1.56 billion worldwide by the year 2025. In the US, around 75 million people have hypertension, with more people dying of hypertension-related cardiovascular disease than from the next three deadliest diseases combined. In 2011-2012 in the US, about a third of all people over the age of 20 years had hypertension, based on high blood pressure assessments and the number of people taking antihypertensive medications. What is hypertension (high bloodRead MoreHypertension: The Risks for High Blood Pressure Essay1595 Words à |à 7 Pagesprevent hypertension. Hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease (Hoeger, 2009, p. 334). Hypertension is also referred to as ââ¬Å"high blood pressureâ⬠. Blood pressure is a measurement of the force put on the walls of the arteries by the blood (About High Blood Pressure, 2011). The higher the pressure put on the walls of the arteries when the heart pumps the higher then individuals blood pressure will be. The pressure of the blood maybe be high (hypertensive) because of plaque build-up in the arteriesRead MoreThe Negative Side Effects Of Obesity On Human Body946 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe problems that the world is facing nowadays. Obesity is a result of poor lifestyle and bad eating habits. Many people are suffering from the negative health consequences of obesity. In addition, many diseases are related to obesity such as heart diseases, high bl ood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and other health risks. If we do not solve the prob-lem by reducing the number of obese people and change the lifestyle to more healthier one as soon as possible, the problem will be arising. Therefore Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-29801413600135528362020-05-05T17:51:00.001-07:002020-05-05T17:51:18.259-07:00Human Rights and World Wide Web free essay sample These findings lend support to research showing a negative correlation between corporate social responsibility and profitability. Introduction We are witness to the metamorphosis of late capitalism, the interpenetration of postindustrialism with postmodern culture. Spectators (consumers and investors) are given only narrative fragments to construct worker and ecological stories from the vantage points of entry authored by corporate public relations. Corporate authorial-power becomes hegemonic as narrative plots script actions and perception in ways unseen or taken for granted. Consumers in the first world cannot see the ecological or work conditions because these locations are kept as strategic secrets. All one ever hears are stories directly authored by corporate interests acting as gatekeeper, authoring ventriloquist stories on behalf of workers and ecology. What is the relevance of this to Tamara? The play, Tamara, written by John Krizanc (1981, 1989) entraps us as spectators in a maze of story and character choices where our own complicity in civic responsibility stares back at us. Some characters have a voice and access to any spectators; others have either a weak voice or limited access. In Tamara Manifesto (Boje, 2001), there was a call to heed the interpenetration of postindustrialism and postmodern culture, the intertextuality of production, distribution, and consumption. Manguel (1988:1-2) gives us a starting definition of traditional theatrics: Theater, the representation of events as if they happened before your eyes begins with the convention of all spectacle: a division of reality. One space allotted to the audience, the passive viewer, seated to observe; another to the play, the actors, moving to perform. In one space theater, spectators and performers must follow the linear storyline of authorial authority and view the performance from the viewpoint the playwright has determined will be seen by the spectators. In Tamara, the barrier between spectator and actor spaces has been breeched; the spaces co-mingle and spectators become actors on many stages. My theory is that there are three divided spaces with narrators telling stories that connect them operating in a kind of Tamara interconnecting three theatrical spaces: 1. First, a consumptive space of spectators, the consumers and investors from the first world; 2. Second, a distributive space is reserved for performing executives, PR managers, and consultants, who mediate stories performed to the first space on behalf of those in a third space; 3. Third, a productive and ecological space, of the Third World where mostly young women toil and where environmental laws are more lax; workers and forests can not be seen or heard by those in the first space (and maybe not the second). We will look to see how in one industry (athletic apparel) spectators are given a few more choices, in what we call the Athletic Apparel Industry Tamara, to accompany whatever character and story they choose, masters or servants from country to country (or factory to showroom), knowing that there are simultaneous performances and they can not be in every place at one time. In short, consumers and investors rely upon the sharing of stories to construct their image of what is going on. Past examinations of the connection of storytelling and corporate strategy have focused on content analysis and a recent call has been to examine events or texts from a storytelling perspective (Barry Elmes, 1997). Some recent research recognizes that strategic orientations change over time (Black Farias, 2000) and/or may be simultaneously present (Ashmos, Duchan, McDaniel, 2000) and/or may be emergent (Mintzberg, 1987, 1990,1994; Mintzberg McHugh, 1985; Mintzberg Waters, 1985). Ways to determine changes in strategic orientation have included inference from actions (Grimm Smith, 1997) and the examination of archival documents, such as letters to shareholders (Landrum, 2000). We suggest that a more inclusive or Tamara approach is needed to show the complexity of forces that cause the ground to move. We assume there is something about the movement from a divided space in modern theater to the interpenetrating one of postmodern theater that makes Tamara a fit metaphor to analyze the Athletic Apparel Industry. In the past decades, the corporate forte was to sustain the modernist barrier between spaces, as in contemporary theater the spectators sat in their respective spaces and did not question the veracity of the performed narratives. In the last decade, as consumers and investors (first space) visited the stage themselves and entered the third space, or when the workers of the Third World were transported to the first one, then a more democratic theatrics of story production, distribution, and consumption became enacted on the global stage. The power of the corporate gatekeeper was dissolved. This study presumes that storytelling is useful in revealing corporate strategic orientation and in revealing when complexity forces changes and disrupts their orientations and postures. Stories are particularly useful in showing how individuals or corporations make sense of the world. Stories are sensemaking narratives of an organization (Boje, 1991, 1995; Czarniawska, 1998; Frye, 1957; Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach, Zilber, 1998; Riessman, 1993; White, 1973). To explore storytelling and strategy intertextuality, we review an industry context that has been changing drastically over the past decade. The athletic shoe industry was chosen because it is a mature industry and has undergone many changes since the 1980s, such as the movement toward overseas production, increasing globalization, and involvement of activists over labor and environmental issues (Choe, 1999; Shetty, 1996). But it is the decade of the 1990s that has seen the most turbulent and complex changes, and its two most active players have been Nike and Reebok. For example, in 1998 Corporate Watch decided to turn their Greenwash Award into a Sweatwash Award and gave the prize to the Fair Labor Association, newly created by the White House Apparel Industry Partnership. They stated that, The Association will have the power to grant companies the right to sew no sweat labels in their clothing in return for what labor activists fear will amount to cosmetic improvements in sweatshop conditions. (Light, 1998:1) Corporations led by Nike, Reebok, Liz Claiborne and Phillips-Van Heusen (then L. L. Bean and Patagonia) joined with some unknown human rights groups on the taskforce to propose the creation of the Fair Labor Association (FLA). The more radical contingent, UNITE, (the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees), the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, and the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility-were taskforce members who resigned their White House Apparel Partnership positions to protest the weak monitoring practices, no living wage and no right to organize provisions of the FLA. Sweatwash was a reaction to watching two decades of corporate environmentalism become a full court PR press with slick advertising to present a green corporate image to the global stage while co-opting both the human and environmental rights movements. UNITE (1998) argues the FLA was created by a subgroup of the White House task force, consisting mostly of industry representatives from companies such as Nike, Reebok and Liz Claiborne and a few human rights groups. The FLA Clean Clothes/ No Sweat tag was the next industry strategy to mollify consumer and investors who were hearing more stories of exploitation; corporations feared their public image was tarnished by increased activism. In 1998, Nike announced plans to phase out PVC plastics in its shoes and other products and painted its web sites with plans to certify all of its 600 subcontract factories in IS014000 environmental standards. (This followed the 1997 release of the Ernst Young audit showing violations of Vietnamese environmental laws. Reebok, on the other hand, uses part of its advertising budget to give out Human Rights Awards (since 1992), while pretending to consumers and investors its products are `Made in the USA rather than being mostly made in China. Both firms did not just become enlightened one day to environmentalism and human rights, they are responding to public opinion and to amateur actors who are taking the global stage, entering the board room and shareh older meeting asking for independent monitoring of corporate claims (Introductory Guide To Unplugging Corporations, 2001). This study will examine the letters to shareholders of the top two firms in this industry, Nike and Reebok, to trace their environmental and social responsibility rhetoric (Landrum, 2000). To focus exclusively on the environmental and social responsibility narratives, we review Bojes (1999) model and classify the rhetoric in the letters to shareholders following his classification system. We follow with examples of Nike and Reeboks use of each type of rhetoric in their letters, showing the frequency of use of each type of rhetoric, and making some observations regarding Nike and Reeboks environmental and social responsibility rhetoric. Rhetoric in Use Boje (1999) offers a model to classify the environmental and social responsibility rhetoric of corporations. He identifies classifications ranging from a denial of responsibility for environmental and social problems to the embracing of green goals as central to the mission of the organization. These levels of response are: Denial Response One, the first response, is Denial. In Denial, the company denies accusations and ignores problems in their environmental and labor practices. Our hypothesis is that this can work when the three theatrical spaces remain bounded and divided, so that only the corporate executive or PR staff mediates what is going on to the other two spaces. In the Nike (1990-1999) and Reebok (1990-1999) letters, we looked for evidence of denial of problems or for evidence of ignoring problems related to environmental and labor practices. Nike Denial This section will provide some examples of passages coded within the Denial genre of environmental and social responsibility rhetoric. We offer our rationale for coding the passage within this genre. In the following 1994 passage, Nike chooses to criticize the media for their coverage of Nike problems. I coded this passage as denial since Nike refuses to acknowledge the problems that have been exposed by the media. 118: The blinder mentality is bad enough when judging the business world, but 119: it is characteristic of a more serious virus that is affecting the 120: coverage (or non-coverage) of significant cultural and political 121: stories. The sad truth is, as television news in general, and CNN in 122: particular, becomes ncreasingly invested in our lives, the print media 123: are pushed to greater extremes, forced to choose survival over 124: integrity, the most entertaining story over the real story, until we 125: come to this: The New York Times reduced to Vecsey on NIKE. The following passage from the 1995 Nike letter shows Nike again criticizing the media and Wall Street for failing to recognize Nike as a sound investment. Nike neglects to make any mention of the parti cular media exposes that have uncovered Nikes poor labor practices; thus, I have coded the passage as denial. 8: This brings us back to my frustration and, I am sad to say, the 89: futility of this document. It simply does not matter what we say in 90: words or put in numbers in the annual report. This poor little binder 91: is simply overwhelmed by electronic and print sound bites, or ignored 92: by the show biz-oriented media who convey a point of view in conflict 93: with sound investment. 94: 95: As Director John Jaqua says, This has reached the point of 96: ridicularity. 97: 98: So how, in that world, can you understand the who, what, when, where 99: and why of any company, especially one as controversial as NIKE? 00: 101: The sad answer: Cant really. It would be easy if we could bring 102: everybody to the NIKE Campus, or take everybody to 103: the Final Four, or the Olympic Trials, or the World Cup, or a Nebraska 104: high school football game, or a pick-up game on 125th Str eet. Thats 105: the world NIKE lives in. But, we cant do that. 106: 107: Instead, well send our managers back to do what they do: develop and 108: grow the best global company possible, and let the hurricane of media 109: hype blow on around us. The following Nike 1996 passage blames the media for blasting their overseas practices. Even though they have finally acknowledged this particular problem exposed by the media, they choose not to discuss it within the letter to shareholders or within the body of the annual report. Still, Nike did publish a 10-page supplement defending Nikes position; however, it only further exemplifies their denial of the problem. 9: Yet no sooner had the great year ended than we were hit by a series of 10: blasts from the media about our practices overseas. 11: 12: So I sat with a dilemma: Use this space to answer our critics 13: isrepresentations, which would leave little room for anything else, or 14: try to give our owners the bigger picture of their company. 15: 16: I decided to do the latter with, like Roger Maris home run record, an 17: asterisk. We answer the overseas questions in a supplement that is 18: included in the annual report mailing. The following 1997 Nike passage continues to suggest that Nike is failing to acknowledge the problems associated with their overseas lab or practices despite the fact that they have been repeatedly detailed in the media. 3: To do that, I first have to take a second to talk about the filter 34: obstacle, that haze we have to fight through to explain what goes on 35: around this company. 36: 37: NIKE (and the entire industry) tends to be a bit misunderstood. The 38: media prefer to treat us all as the entertainment portion of the 39: business world. So, they feel free to exaggerate, to interpret, to 40: extrapolate. To say they are prone to hyperbole would be an 41: understatement. To say that is how they make their living would not. Reebok Denial No Reebok letters were coded in this category. Green Gloss/Green Wash Response Two is Green Gloss or Green Wash. During this phase, the company launches public relations campaigns to counteract negative publicity or accusations of activists. Nike Green Gloss/Green Wash In the following 1998 Nike excerpt, the company finally begins to acknowledge that labor practices are affecting their bottom line; however, I view this acknowledgment as more of an effort to discontinue denial and patronize the public rather than to make a meaningful effort to change the situation. 24: So, what knocked us down in 1998? 25: 26: Asia brown shoes labor practices resignations ayoffs 27: boring ads. Also, we have been criticized for our headquarters 28: expansion. But understand this: We need a much bigger place to house 29: all our troubles. I have also coded the 1997 Nike passage, mentioned previously (lines 33-41), as another example of green gloss/green wash. The companys defense of themselves in a 10-page supplement not only represented a denial of the problem, but also a public relations effort to justify their practices. Reebok Green Gloss/Green Wash No Reebok letters were coded in this category. Strategic Awareness Response Three is Strategic Awareness. During this phase, there is minimal compliance yet awareness exists of the need for change. Nike Strategic Awareness In the following 1998 Nike passage, the company suggests that the media is slowly becoming more knowledgeable of its questionable overseas labor practices. However, this ostensible change in media attitude is due to the fact that Nike has put forth a good-faith effort to improve their labor practices, and in turn, the media has simply begun to report these changes. 93: On our labor practices: Our friends in the media are slowly becoming 94: more knowledgeable. This is good. It means that consumers are 95: actually getting informed rather than just alarmed. This, too, will 96: take time. Meanwhile, the contrasts between us and our competitors and 97: other companies in the needle trade will show more each year. The following 1998 Nike passage suggests that it realizes that Americans are aware of their overseas practices, and accordingly, that Nike should be credited for this shift in public consciousness. 99: There is an interesting relationship going on between the Asia economic 100: crisis and the labor practices issue, which would take many chairmans [sic] 101: letters to cover. Instead, let me cut straight to the moral of the 102: story: It is simply not acceptable for America to continue to be 103: moated Reebok Strategic Awareness No Reebok letters were in this category. Strategic Acquisition Response Four is Strategic Acquisition, or a voluntary move toward environmental audits and social responsibility. Although Nike makes no mention of their environmental audits, 1997 marked their first voluntary, environmental audit and was conducted by Ernst Young. Nike Strategic Acquisition No Nike letters were coded in this category. Reebok Strategic Acquisition Throughout their letters, Reebok makes reference to the fact that they seek to help make a better world and to make a difference. This is evidenced by the following passages from 1990 (lines 47-48) and 1991 (lines 59-60). The company has made a voluntary movement toward being socially responsible. 47: a high level of consciousness and a sense of responsibility to help 48: make a better world. 59: to make a difference for our consumers 60: and ourselves. Flagship Implementation Response Five is Flagship Implementation, in which the firm makes proactive moves to change their core mission and to include green goals. Nike Flagship Implementation No Nike letters were in this category. Reebok Flagship Implementation In the following passages, Reebok makes mention of the various programs and initiatives they started in order to become a socially responsible company. 1992 60: Our push for success, however, has not lessened our desire to make a 61: difference in the larger world. Reebok is unique in its dedication to 62: human rights. Through our Human Rights Awards Program, which just com 63: pleted its fifth year, we strive to bring attention to young people 64: around the world who advance the cause of human rights. This year, 65: through a grant from The Reebok Foundation, a new human rights program 66: began. WITNESS, a program providing video cameras, facsimile machines 67: and computers to human rights organizations, allows human rights acti 68: vists to document abuses of justice for the world to see. 1993 61: Finally, let us note that the aspirations of Reebok extend beyond the 62: bottom line. Our commitment to the pursuit of human rights continues. 3: Once again, we recognized brave young people for their stand on human 64: rights one each from Belgium, Brazil, Egypt, and the United States. 65: Our Reebok Foundation helped inner city young people in United States 66: urban areas. Our Human Rights Production Standards, in place throughout 67: the world, helped assure that workers manufacturing Reebok pr oducts 68: benefited from quality conditions and fair labor practices. 1994 117: Another dimension of Reebok that enhances our global brand image is our 118: goal to be in the forefront of the corporate movement toward social 19: responsibility. We are the acknowledged corporate leader in promoting 120: human rights. Young people around the world, we believe look to 121: companies that stand for more than their great products. We 122: established the Reebok Human Rights Awards program in 1988, and we 123: continue to support it. This commitment led us to establish the Reebok 124: Human Rights Production Standards, through which we strive to improve 125: labor practices in overseas factories that make our products. This 126: commitment also is why we are working to make products that are 127: environmentally sound. We believe that companies should stand for 128: something. We believe our brand should stand for something. Personal 129: athletic achievement is a powerful message, but it is not enough on its 130: own. Reebok does stand for something, and as a result a new generation 131: of young people are able to see that a company can be a source not only 132: of exciting products, but of social good. 1996 55: Our Company continued its long-held commitment to human rights with the 56: Ninth Annual Human Rights Awards in 1996, honoring young activists in 57: their struggle for human rights around the world. Our efforts in this 58: area extend beyond this recognition program and include our 59: establishment in 1992 of human rights production standards that we hold 60: our factories accountable to follow. Most recently, in 1996 in 61: response to the problem of child labor widely utilized in the stitching 62: of soccer balls, we entered into an agreement with our supplier to 63: build a soccer ball manufacturing facility in Pakistan that will allow 64: us to guarantee that all Reebok soccer balls will be made without the 65: rise of child labor. 148: we will continue to focus our efforts 49: on making a difference to our customers to our employees and to our 150: shareholders. 1998 42: I believe that the values that Reebok International stands for 43: as a company are precisely those values that consumers are looking for in todays marketplace. 84: One of the crucial elements of this plan is the repositioning of Reebok Unlimited based on the 85: concept of humanity. Actually, this is not so much of a repositioning as a rediscovery of the 86: values of creativity, free-spiritedness and individualism that we have always represented as a 87: company, but have deviated from recently in our advertising and marketing. Based on a return 88: to these universal human values, we believe Reebok Unlimited is in a unique position to appeal 89: to both the authentic performance and casual lifestyle markets at the same time. Table 1 Table 2: Figure One: Frequency of the use of environmental narratives by Nike and Reebok over the tenyear period, 1990 to 1999 134: WE STAND FOR DOING THE RIGHT THING. 135: 136: Over the past year, a lot has been written about our industry and the issue of human rights. 137: We have been a leader in this area for more than a decade. Running a company involves a lot 138: more than crunching numbers and whatever else gets in your way. It involves a commitment 139: of equal respect and fair treatment for all people. Simply put, this is the Reebok way. It will 140: always be the Reebok way. As concern for human rights issues grows among consumers 141: particularly younger consumers we believe our leadership and reputation will translate into 142: greater preference for our brands and products. Although Nike makes little mention of their environmental practices, labor practices, or social responsibility, those passages included in the letters primarily engage in denial, green gloss, and strategic awareness rhetorical styles. Nikes main response mode during the 1990s was denial. Reebok, on the other hand, mentioned their social responsibility efforts in many of their letters and were primarily engaged in strategic acquisition and flagship implementation rhetoric. Reeboks main response mode was flagship implementation. The companies were at opposite ends of the spectrum in their primary response mode during the 1990s. Both companies, however, were engaged in poor labor practices in their overseas operations (Baskin, 1996; Ernst Young, 1997; Fireman, 1999; Manning, 1997a-g; Nguyen, 1997; Reebok, 1999). The difference is that Nike was denying the problems while Reebok was trying to be open about the problems and address them. Interestingly, we can conclude that being socially responsible and environmentally aware did not result in increased market share or profitability for Reebok. They continued to lose sales and market share throughout the 1990s (Figures 4 and 5). Reebok expected that their social responsibility stance would differentiate them from the competition. Rather, research and development and marketing are key success factors for this industry and Nike outperforms Reebok in both areas. Conclusion Boje (1999) puts forth a model of stages of environmental and social responsibility rhetoric. He suggests that rhetoric falls somewhere in a continuum ranging from Denial to Flagship Implementation. On one end of this continuum, companies may deny any responsibility for or ownership of their negative actions. The next stage of this continuum reflects rhetoric that glosses over issues and uses public relations campaigns in response to negative publicity. The third stage of Bojes (1999) continuum is rhetoric that acknowledges a need for change and puts forth gestures of minimal compliance. The fourth stage on this continuum is rhetoric that shows voluntary movement toward social responsibility and the last stage on the continuum is flagship implementation of environmental practices and embracing social responsibility. This article has shown that rhetoric is a useful way in which to understand and interpret a companys strategy. We have shown a more penetrating, or Tamara, view of the rhetoric of the athletic apparel industry leaders. Through analysis of letters to shareholders of Nike and Reebok over a ten-year period, we have shown Nike and Reeboks use of environmental and social responsibility rhetoric. The results show that Nike has engaged in Denial as their primary rhetorical style and Reebok has engaged in Flagship Implementation as their primary rhetorical style. The companies are at opposite extremes of this continuum. In spite of Nikes denial and Reeboks engagement of social responsibility, Nike revenues have skyrocketed and Reebok sales have plummeted (Figure 4). Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. If rhetoric indeed reveals strategy, these findings suggest that social responsibility and profits are negatively correlated for these two companies. In both Figures 2 and 3, we see the frequency of nvironmental and social responsibility rhetoric used by both companies increased. Nike engaged in rhetoric on the negative end of the continuum, suggesting denial of social responsibility; Reebok engaged in rhetoric on the positive end of the continuum, suggesting implementation of social responsibility. Also near this time, revenues and market share of both companies began to move in a dire ction negatively correlated with the level of social responsibility (Figures 4 and 5). The empirical evidence has been mixed on the relationship between corporate financial performance and social performance. Some researchers (Preston OBannon, 1997; Roman, Hayibor, Agle, 1999) have found a positive relationship between corporate social performance and financial performance and other researchers (Ingram and Frazier, 1983; Freedman and Jaggi, 1982) have found a negative relationship. In the case of negative correlations between financial performance and social performance, it is argued that the costs associated with social responsibility put the firm in an unfavorable financial position compared to firms that are not socially responsible (Aupperle, Carroll, Hatfield, 1985). Clearly the relationship between corporate financial performance and social performance is not fully understood. Nonetheless, rhetorical analysis is a useful postmodern tool in revealing a companys strategy and in revealing when changes or shifts in strategy occur. Figure 5 [Reference] REFERENCES Retrieved May 28, 2000, from the World Wide Web: http:// www. netadvantage. standardpoor. com/netahtml/ IndSur/apf/apf_0999. htm Czarniawska, B. (1998). A narrative approach to organization studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. [Reference] Ernst Young (1997, January 6). Environmental and labor practice audit. Retrieved May 28, 2000, from the World Wide Web: http:/ www. corpwatch. org/trac/nike/ernst/audit. html Fireman, Paul (1999, October 17). Steps we must take on third-world labor. The Washington Post, p. B7. Freedman, M. Jaggi, B. (1982). Pollution disclosures, pollution performance and economic performance. Omega, 10, 167-176 Frye, N. (1957). Anatomy of criticism: Four essay . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. [Reference] Grimm, C. M. Smith, K. G. (1997). Strategy as action: Industry rivalry and coordination. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western College Publishing. Ingram, R. Frazier, K. (1980). Environmental performance and corporate disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research, 18, 614-622. Introductory Guide to Unplugging Corporations (2001) Retrieved March 3, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http:// www. georgiastrait. org/Unplugging%20Corps. 3. pdf [Reference] Landrum, N. (2000). A Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of the Dynamics of Nike and Reebok Storytelling as Strategy. Doctoral dissertation: New Mexico State University. Lieblich, A. , Tuval-Mashiach, R. Zilber, T. (1998). Narrative research: Read analysis. and intc=tation. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-13327460282997794742020-04-11T04:39:00.001-07:002020-04-11T04:39:02.464-07:00Ted bundy1 Essay Example For Students Ted bundy1 Essay Ted Bundy is one of the worst serial killers in history. His Antisocial personality and psychoticcharacter made him feared across the country. After all was said and done Ted left behind a trailof bloody slayings that included the deaths of 36 young women and spanned through four states. The biggest question in many peopleââ¬â¢s mind was how could someone as intelligent, highlyaccomplished, and praised as Bundy do such a thing?Theodore Robert Bundy was born November 24th, 1946 in Burlinton, Vermont. Hismother Eleanor Louise Cowell was 22 when she had him. Tedââ¬â¢s mom never told him muchabout his father except that he was in the armed forces and they had only dated a few times. Tedwas left in foster care for two months while his mom and parents decided what to do with him. In 1946 an illegitimate child was extremely looked down upon by society. Once they decided tokeep Ted his grandparents told everyone he was their adopted son. Ted knew who his biologicalmom was, but outsider s were told that she was his sister. Ted adored his grandfather, he was theonly man Ted really respected. His grandfather was also particularly fond of Ted. Ted would goon camping and fishing trips with his grandfather. Ted thought he was just a great guy, but thefamily thought different. They would describe his grandfather as an ill-tempered tyrant. He wasracist, intolerant, and a perfectionist. He expected everyone to meet his demands. Hisgrandfather was also verbally abusive toward other family members and physically abusivetoward his wife. He also physically mistreated animals including the family pet. Tedââ¬â¢sgrandmother suffered from depression. It got so bad that she was eventually treated withelectroshock therapy. She also suffered from agoraphobia and never left the house. Could thisbe the reason Ted turned out how he did?The older Ted got, the more it became more difficult to hide his familyââ¬â¢s identity and hissecret mother. With this his mother moved to Washingt on, where she met and married JohnBundy. At the time Ted was four years old. He was adopted by John and his new parents hadfour children together. From the beginning Ted did well in school. His teachers complimentedhim on his good grades. Ted was active in Boy Scouts and attended church regularly. He alsoheld a part-time job and made excellent grades. Ted didnââ¬â¢t date much in high school and wasdescribed as being shy. It was around this time Ted began sneaking out of the house and peepinginto windows. He became a ââ¬Å"Peeping Tom.â⬠1He reported as a child he had become fascinatedby sexual violence. He was warned about the effects of pornography and stated the it ââ¬Å"brings outa hatred that is just too terrible to describe.â⬠He also began shoplifting for expensive items andtold his mom that they were gifts. He was picked up at least twice by juvenile authorities forsuspicion of auto theft and burglary, but nothing came of it. We will write a custom essay on Ted bundy1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ted participated in many respectable behaviors that helped make it so unbelievable toaccept his guiltiness. He caught a purse snatcher and was given a commendation from the policedepartment. He also saved a drowning toddler once by diving into a lake after him. Ted alsoworked for a suicide prevention hotline talking others out of killing themselves. He wroterape-prevention books and became active in politics gaining the attention of important, highlyknown people. Ted worked many low paying jobs to pay for college. He was a busboy at ahotel, a messenger, and clerks at various stores. He left most jobs after only a few months. Some employers said he was a good worker while others gave him less than favorableIt is likely that Ted killed his first victim while in his teens. A young schoolmatedisappeared at this time. He is said to have begun his serial killings in his late twenties in 1974. However many people believe that he started earlier than this. He is said to be the suspect inIn J anuary of 1974, an 18 year old student by the name Joni Lenz was found unconsciousin her bedroom. Ted had beaten her with a metal rod and then inserted it into her genitals. Jonisurvived but was in a coma for several months and had no memory of the event at all. A monthlater Ted had struck again. He had abducted and killed a 21 year old woman named, Lynda AnnHealy. Lynda didnââ¬â¢t show up for work or dinner that day friends and family started to worry. Healyââ¬â¢s parents immediately called the police. Soon after they found blood dripping from LyndaAnnnââ¬â¢s mattress. Police also found a night gown close to the bed with blood all over it. Herclothes and backpack from the night before were also missing. Where was Lynda Ann though?Investigators were puzzled there was no evidence whatsoever that would help lead them toLynda.Six weeks later, a 19 year old college student never arrived at a jazz concert she wasgoing to. The next month a freshman girl disappeared on the way to a movie. Two other womendisappeared over the next two months.Seven girls had vanished through out the states of Utah,Oregon and Washington, within the spring and summer of 1974. All the girls had strikingsimilarities, they were all thin white girls who had parted hair and were wearing slacks at theTed would use fake casts, splints, and crutches to get his victims to help him. He woulduse little things like how he needed help to carry his books or load up his car. In July 1974though, he was able to convince a Janet Ott to help him load a sailboat up at his parentââ¬â¢s house. A couple picnicking near by, remembered a handsome young man approaching Ott. From whatthe couple could hear, the manââ¬â¢s name was Ted. The girl was never seen again. That same dayhe abducted 18 year old Denise Naslund while at a park. Ted had now abducted two people inbroad daylight using his real name. People would not believe that a killer would actually use hisreal name. This lead the press to call t hese cases the ââ¬Å"Tedâ⬠cases. In 1974 the first pieces ofbodies were slowly being found. The police began to discover the severity and scope of thekiller.By this time Ted had moved to Utah where he became a dormitory manager at theUniversity of Utah. Here in Utah he killed 16 year old Nancy Wilcox. Three weeks later hekilled 17 year old Melissa Smith. Melissaââ¬â¢s father was the Midvale, Utahââ¬â¢s, Police Chief. Mr. .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .postImageUrl , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:hover , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:visited , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:active { border:0!important; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:active , .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435 .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uab4f6d0b1fa820cc218c8538df0c3435:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The House on Mango Street: Seeking Independence EssaySmith would warn her about the dangers of the world, because of all the wrong he had seenthrough out his career. His worst nightmare came true on October 18 1974, when Melissadisappeared. Ted had killed at least 11 times in Utah and nearby Colorado. Police would soon get there break in the case. Ted would approach 18 year old CarolDaRonch. Ted told her that he had seen someone try to break into her car and he would reallylike it if she would go along with him to the parking lot to see if anything had been stolen. Carolassumed the man was mall security because he seemed so in control of the situation. When theygot to the car Carol told Ted that everything was there. Ted who had told Carol his name wasOfficer Roseland, was not satisfied and wanted to take her to police headquarters. He wantedher to file a complaint. When he led her to a Volkswagen bug, she became suspicious and askedfor identification. Ted pulled out a gold badge quickly and escorted her into the car. Ted droveoff in the opposite direction of the police station. After a short while of being in the car Tedtried to put handcuffs on Carol. Carol screamed and Ted pulled out a handgun and threatened tokill her. Carol soon found herself up against the car while Ted had a crowbar in his hand readyto strike her in the head. She kicked his genitals and managed to break free, she ran towards theroad and caught the attention of a couple, who drove her to the police station. Carol told themwhat happened and gave a description.2Her reports of the events including his attempted use ofhandcuffs and a crowbar would provide significant evidence leadi ng to Tedââ¬â¢s eventual arrest. Afew days later, off Carols coat a blood type was found. It was type O, the same as Ted Bundyââ¬â¢s,In August 1975 Ted was stopped for driving suspiciously. The car would be searchedand Ted was arrested. 3 At the time of arrest. A crowbar, ice pick, ski mask, mask of Bibliography: Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-82451761242469760542020-03-10T02:24:00.001-07:002020-03-10T02:24:02.298-07:00buy custom Psychological Analysis in the Hamlet essaybuy custom Psychological Analysis in the Hamlet essay The writer has used a number of themes in the play to bring out the psychological analysis of the play. Depression, disillusionment, and despair are some of the emotions that the young hamlet has to cope with in his attempt to fight off the feelings he is going through as he tries to understand his fathers death. His anguish deepens even further as his mother is engaged in a marriage that is viewed as illicit since, it is incestuous. As he tries to compose himself from the existing pieces of his broken idealism, he knowingly embarks on his efforts to find the truth hidden in Elsinore; this out rightly differs from the case of Claudius fervent intention of finding out the truth behind the murder. The psychological analysis has also revolved around the issue of truth versus deception; it also touches on reality from what is an illusion. The play illustrates on the tribulations that Prince Hamlet goes through on a daily basis as he tries to differentiate one form the other this issue (S hakespeare et al., 71). In the play, there occurs a twist of the norm; that is, apart from the usual things that Hamlet is used to; deception and illusion, in Act2, Scene 2, there develop an honest conversation that takes place between Rosencrantz and Hamlet and Guildenstern. Through the employment of figurative speech and usage of prose, Shakespeare uses this passage to reflect on the Hamlets opinion to the universe and the humanity. In the entire play, there is a careful development on the theme of mendaciousness and illusion. The whole of the Danish royal court is involved in a number of vices; these include lies, espionage, and cases of betrayal. The court is so much corrupt that no one can give his dependent verdict. Polonius wonders how the wise have put away their wisdom and only act without thinking. Thisresulted into grave suffering of the people, due to lack of justice for innocent people, who are poor in the society. In the play as one focuses on Act 2, Scene 2, Lines71-3, there are numerous instances concerning the issue of deception is extremely rampant. The writer clearly brings out these factors by employing the usage formal, poetic language and eloquence. Where deception has been brought out as an ornate subject, then the resulting truth is straightforward and outright. Once the writer is discarding the pretenses of illusion as shown in Act2, Scene2, he resolves to the use of language written in direct prose. For instance, when Hamlet is pleading with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern about their honest intention concerning their arrival, he does so in a direct prose. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern portray an element of foolishness as they go on in revealing their true intention of about their arrival. It is from their response that we come to learn that the King and the Queen had instructed them. Therefore, Hamlet gets the truth that he was searching. It is notable that the writer does not use any poetic devices in this conversation The writer has also been used the theme of madness and melancholy in analyzing the psychological issue that the characters are experiencing. Hamlet hides his make-believe madness as he contemplates on his strategy towards taking his revenge. The true state of his mind is extremely unstable at several instances in the entire play. As such, it becomes particularly impossible to tell when he is sincerely normal. In the play, the writer use Hamlet to bring out other mental disorders suffered by Hamlet, which includes cynical mindset, the habit harshly self-criticizing, melancholy, continuous thought of suicide, cynical mindset and pessimism, depressed mood (Hamlet). In Act 4 Scene 5, the mental condition of Ophelia is extremely unstable. She is unable to hold the information concerning the murder of her father. It becomes particularly unbearable once she learns that her lover had caused the death of her father. This prompts her loose the sense of reality. Her ravings imply the degree of the preoccupation that has affected her mind. She suffers the death of a loved one through the death of her father, and still, on the other hand, she longs for the love her lover (Hamlet) returned. In the play, it is clear that Hamlet also contemplates of committing suicide, but, on the other hand, Ophelia is on a constant verge of taking her own life. The issue of despair also talks more on the psychological condition of the play. A sense of despair is evident where we see the characters questioning death. Hamlet faces this problem after he loses his father. It is here that he realizes life is not permanent, which makes his question himself concerning his own de ath. As is the case in most teens, Hamlet contemplates on committing suicide. He becomes extremely desperate as he tries to weigh options as to whether his actions would be justifiable. His thought of committing suicide does not materialize once he starts contemplating of life after death. In conclusion, numerous themes have been employed by the writer to effective bring the issue of psychological atmosphere among the characters in the play. These themes include; despair, disillusionment, depression, madness, and melancholy. The writer has employed numerous poetic devices that also bring about these themes effectively. Hamlets anguish deepens even further as his mother is engaged in an illicit marriage after the death of his father, which indicates on that Hamlets psychological condition, is extremely unstable. Buy custom Psychological Analysis in the Hamlet essay Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-22411476585261280182020-02-22T16:48:00.001-08:002020-02-22T16:48:03.651-08:00Modernization of the World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsModernization of the World - Essay Example Eventually, leisure became less influential, with most corporations giving their employees off in particular days to enjoy leisure. In other words, the world became a working nation as people struggled to expand their wealth base. Modernization did affect basic institutions as well. First, education became a serious concern because individuals needed to pass intelligence and stories from one generation to another. Schools developed ranging from lower level kindergartens to higher levels institutions of learning. Additionally, disciplines of study changed to cover many fields. For instance, psychology, law, engineering, and social arena expanded their subjects of study. Increasingly, the 20th century saw a link between the level of education and career that individuals pursued. Still, the family views on marriage because people assumed different roles. As more females entered the labor market and educated themselves, they became stable. Most women could raise children without necessarily having the support of male. Eventually, the concept of single mother became standard as professionals proved not keen on marriage. Some men and women preferred taking responsibility of their families as couples by sharing respo nsibilities but not based on traditional gender-oriented platforms. For instance, men and women could contribute equally to creating family wealth and shared duties at home equally. In fact, it was during the same period that feminism concepts became famous because women demanded equality on nearly all fronts. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-68527841391923781422020-02-06T09:36:00.001-08:002020-02-06T09:36:03.319-08:00Contract Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsContract Law - Case Study Example If Y makes an offer to Z, it is a specific offer and Z is the only person who can accept it. But in many cases, it is immaterial to whom the offer is made. Offers made by advertisement are the commonest form of offers made to the world at large, and can be accepted by anyone by acting on them. 2 For this case, Igor made an offer through advertisement and it was to be accepted by anyone who acted on the advertisement. Jonquil acting on the advertisement accepted the offer through the post in an acceptance letter he wrote on January 29th. The advertisement said that anyone accepting to the offer must reply to the Ritz Hotel in London by February 1st. A contract had already been entered into between Igor and Jonquil immediately a letter of acceptance was posted. It is immaterial that Igor sold the guitar since he had not received any acceptance from Jonquil. The acceptance is considered complete immediately the letter of acceptance is posted, even if it is lost or destroyed in the post so that it never arrived. As long as the offeree can prove that he posted the letter of acceptance, the court will enforce the contract. b) Ali had made a contract between him and Blessing Builders for a fixed price of 5,000 but when the repair of the kitchen was half way finished Ali added them a further 700 since he heard the they were likely to abandon the work since they had under priced the job. It is immaterial for Ali to fail to pay them the extra 700 he had added them just because he lost money on the stock market. The extra 700 he added to encourage them to complete the repair of the kitchen had not been attached to any condition that failure of not making enough money on the stock market, would make him not pay them the extra amount. For this case, Blessing Builders should be paid their promise of an extra 700 since it was not attached to any condition. It is immaterial that he is failing to pay them since he made losses on the stock market. For this case, Blessing Builders may sue Ali for damages. Ali should not withhold the extra 700 he promised to give Blessing Builders upon completion of repairing the kitchen. 4 c) On the case where Neil was advised by his uncle to leave Manchester where he worked as an insurance clerk to undertake a dentist course as he give him monthly allowances, the uncle should be sued for breach of contract. Neil enjoyed a full social life in Manchester as he worked as an insurance clerk. His uncle disrupted his social life by advising him to take a dentist course in London as he promised to give him monthly allowances while studying. For this case, there was an intention to create Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-27622110163164278832020-01-28T19:07:00.001-08:002020-01-28T19:07:03.769-08:00Awesome Tsunami Waves Essay Example for Free Awesome Tsunami Waves Essay A tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, typically an ocean or a large lake. The effects of tsunami will bring a lot of problem to the nation and community. The effects of tsunami will bring a lot of problem to the nation and community . The general cause of tsunami is earthquakes and it will makes environmental impact and destruction. Firstly,the main cause of tsunami is from the effect of earthquakes. Tsunami, also called seismic sea waves or, incorrectly, tidal waves, generally are caused by earthquakes. Earthquakes can brings volcanic eruptions following to produce a truly awesome tsunami waves . For example ,the Great Kratatau Volcanic Eruption of 1883 generated giant waves reaching heights of 125 feet above sea-level, killing thousands of people and wiping out numerous coastal villages . Actually not all earthquakes generate tsunamis. To generate tsunamis, earthquakes must occur underneath or near the ocean, and must be large . Tsunami can happened in everywhere in the world , but in the Pacific Ocean there is a much more frequent occurrence of large because of the many large earthquakes along the margins of the Pacific Ocean. On the other hand,the effect of tsunami is it will brings environmental impact. Tsunami will destroy all the living things and then brings unbalanced of environment. The up root of trees and plants will destroys animal habitats. Land animals are killed by drowning and the sea animals are killed and poisoned by pollution if dangerous chemicals are broken and washed away into the sea . Besides, the solid waste and disaster debris also be a part of critical problem that have to face by government . Contamination of soil and water will affect the soil fertility of agricultural lands . For example, it may happened radiation resulting from damage to nuclear plants as it happened in Japan in March 2011. It will require a big cost and very long of time to government to recover the whole environment. The following effect by tsunami is detrimental destruction. The amount of energy and water contained in a huge tsunami can cause extreme destruction when it strikes land. The initial wave of huge tsunami keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area. When the giant breaking waves of a tsunami batter the shoreline, they can destroy everything in their path such as boats, buildings, bridges, cars, trees, telephone lines, power lines and just about anything else in their way. Once the tsunami waves have knocked down infrastructure on the shore they may continue to travel for several miles inland, sweeping away more trees, buildings, cars and other man made equipment. In conclusion, all of the people should be educated and improve the knowledge on tsunami issue in order to protect themselves. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-36843825929800378352020-01-20T15:30:00.001-08:002020-01-20T15:30:03.544-08:00What is Online Discussion? Essay -- Technology, CommunicationMany benefits of online discussion have been recorded in the literature. For example, participation in an asynchronous online discussion is time and place independent (Morse, 2003: Williams etal., 2001). Participants who involved online discussion can contribute whenever they have a useful input and wherever they are as long as they have access to a network based computer. Williams (2002, p. 266) explained the freedom from temporal and geographical constraints international students have ââ¬Å"flexibility in the time, place and pace of communicationâ⬠with others. In contrast, the traditional face-to-face discussion does not have this flexibility. Online discussion allows students taking time to think about the messages they receive from their peers as well as what they postings. After a long time practice they can send without the pressure as an immediate responder (Biesenbach & Lucas, 2003). Therefore, online discussion is also defined as "a powerful tool for the development of critical thinking, collaboration, and reflection" (Williams et al., 2001, p. 151). Online discussions are deeply engaged and benefits the diverse students compared with traditional classroom discussions (Crevener, 1999, cited in Pinch & Graves, 2000). Students tend to participate more as they are aware that their participation is being monitored and recorded (Tullar et al., 1998). Online discussion within small groups or learning sets also affords a growing sense of community and a feeling among students that they can get to know each other through this medium (Curtin, 2002, cited in Lewin & Jerram, 2003; Hammond, 2000). Another major benefit of online discussion relates to the fact that in the traditional classroom situation, a few students often domi... ...e way it is used by instructors and students and how it is contribute to the course work (Elgort et al., 2003; McKinlay, 1999, cited in Biesenbach-Lucas, 2003; Weasenforth et al., 2002). The length of the discussion, the number of postings required, the size of any one contribution, the role of the instructor, the students' technical preparedness and so on, need to be carefully considered. Otherwise, the discussion may consist of contributions that are not strongly interactive and the students may simply "play the game" of assessment whereby they make postings that earn marks but do not really contribute to the development of the conversation (Oliver & Shaw, 2003, p. 56). Therefore, some authors offer tips for designing and running a good discussion in a networked environment based on their experiences (Hawisher & Pemberton, 1997; Kimball, 1995; Sullivan, 2002). Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-51926555592299938462020-01-12T11:54:00.001-08:002020-01-12T11:54:03.862-08:00Global Political Economy EssaySustainable development is defined as development that allows us to meet our current needs without destroying the means of livelihood of future generations. There are three basic elements of sustainable development: (1) economic growth; (2) social development; and (3) environmental protection. Undoubtedly, all of these elements concern our world as a whole. Thus, it is essential to acknowledge that the health of the planet is synonymous with the health of the living beings that occupy it. Protecting the health of the planet is the mutual responsibility of all citizens of the world. Since the planet is limited with respect to its size and resources, it is a sure responsibility of all governments of the world to collectively ensure that all citizens of the globe have somewhat equal if not absolutely equal access to its resources. There are countless ways to distribute essential resources relatively equally. What is required apparently is more practice than preaching; that is, governments must be diligently finding ways to overcome global economic and environmental problems, and acting on proposed solutions. There are plenty of global issues requiring immediate outcomes and solutions. It would be wise to answer their call with immediate action. The Wal-Mart Effect: How Wal-Mart Affects the Economy Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is the worldââ¬â¢s largest retailer, able to force its small competitors to shut down business as well as drive down wages. On a positive note, the retailer helps to keep down prices or inflation, and productivity at a high level. Wal-Mart sells goods at unbeatable prices. It thus ââ¬Å"strikes fear into the establishment of every new industry it considers entering (Shaw et al. ). â⬠Presently, Wal-Mart is expressing its desire to enter the banking industry in the United States. However, the banking industry is thoroughly intimidated by the kind of competition it would have to deal with. Wal-Mart is certain to be of financial service to the low-income consumer ââ¬â if it does enter the banking industry in the United States, full-fledged. At least one-fifth of Wal-Mart consumers are low-income families that cannot afford to pay the high prices charged by most consumer banks and financial organizations in the United States (Weston). Hence, many low-income families do not have bank accounts in the country. Wal-Mart would like to change that, by offering unbeatable prices in the banking sector as well (Zellner). Whether the retailer has a greater positive or negative impact on the economy is, therefore, debatable. Is Capitalism Good for the Poor? A large number of people around the world are of the opinion that capitalists make profits at the expense of the poor. Others believe that capitalists provide jobs to the poor, thereby raising their standards of living. In early September, 2006, a toxic waste dumping scandal of truly globalized proportions came to light in the Ivory Coast. The Probo-Koala, a tanker chartered by the London-based shipping company, Tranfigura, set off from Amsterdam carrying four hundred metric tons of petrochemical waste to dump in Abidjan, the port city of the Ivory Coast (Vidal; ââ¬Å"Ivory Coast Toxic Tanker Impounded by Estoniaâ⬠). Tranfigura informed the Amsterdam Port Services that the waste was absolutely ââ¬Å"conventional (Vidal). â⬠However, it was later discovered that the waste contained hydrogen sulfide, which happens to be a poisonous gas, smelling as rotten eggs (ââ¬Å"Ivory Coast Toxic Tankerâ⬠). At least ten people lost their lives in the weeks immediately following the incident in the Ivory Coast (Vidal). Moreover, seventy five thousand people are known to have sought medical treatment with complaints of nausea, nose bleeds, breathlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, skin damage, headaches, and swollen stomachs (Vidal; ââ¬Å"Ivory Coast Toxic Tankerâ⬠). This incident was recognized as an illustration of the growth of capitalism at the expense of the Third World, regardless of the fact that capitalists provide jobs to the poor and develop their economies in the process. Works Cited ââ¬Å"Ivory Coast Toxic Tanker Impounded by Estonia. â⬠Environmental News Service. 28 Sep 2006. 13 Nov 2007. . Shaw, Hollie, and Carrie Tait. ââ¬Å"Wal-Mart eyes banking: Financial services in Canada: Itââ¬â¢s a way to strengthen ties with its customers: analyst. â⬠CanWest Interactive. 31 October 2006. 13 Nov 2007. . Vidal, J. ââ¬Å"UK Class Action Starts Over Toxic Waste Dumped in Africa. â⬠Guardian Unlimited. 8 Jan 2007. 13 Nov 2007. . Weston, Liz Pulliam. ââ¬Å"National Bank of Wal-Mart? â⬠MSN Money. 2007. 13 Nov 2007. . Zellner, Wendy. ââ¬Å"Wal-Mart: Your New Banker? ââ¬â Wal-Mart Canââ¬â¢t Be Or Own A Full-Fledged Bank ââ¬â Yet ââ¬â But Its Partnerships And In-Store Financial Services Are Giving The Industry Jitters. â⬠Business Week. 7 February 2005. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-32132269403642336622020-01-04T08:18:00.001-08:002020-01-04T08:18:03.654-08:00The Trauma of Killing Essay - 2221 Words The United States military continues to engage in one of the longest periods of combat operations in our nationââ¬â¢s history. One of the results is an increase in the amount of persons suffering Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2000), a precursor to PTSD is the experience of an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury to self or others. Grossman (2009) argues that an additional factor, the emotional and spiritual response to killing another human being, also takes a tremendous toll on the mental health of returning soldiers. Forty-eight to sixtyââ¬âfive percent of soldiers returning from Operation Enduring Freedom have reported killing an enemyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In addition to their role as the official motto of the United States Military Academy at West Point, the words ââ¬Å"Duty, Honor, (and) Countryâ⬠serve to embody the conditioning that each recruit, both officer and enlisted, undergoes in all military branches. Each soldier is taught that they have an absolute responsibility to their fellow soldiers and the country they serve and to fail to uphold that responsibility can never be justified. This fear of failure, writes Grossman (2009) is one of the primary means the military uses to overcome soldierââ¬â¢s innate aversion to killing other human beings. It is also the fear that allows soldierââ¬â¢s to overcome the fear of death and take heroic actions (Nash, 2007). When a soldier perceives he has failed to live up to these standards, shame may result. The Stages of Killing Grossman (2009) writes that killing involves a series of emotions, beginning with concern before the killing, and followed by exhilaration, remorse, rationalization, and acceptance following the killing. Before a soldier kills for the first time, he or she will often have concerns regarding whether he or she will satisfactorily perform his or her duties or will let down fellow fighters by freezing or in some other fashion failing to properly engage the enemy. This fear of failure is generally mixed with the general fear of being killed or injured andShow MoreRelatedTrauma And Recovery By Judith Herman Essay1723 Words à |à 7 Pages In Judith Hermanââ¬â¢s book, Trauma and Recovery, she discusses her research and work with trauma survivors. In her book, she writes that, ââ¬Å"traumatic events are extraordinary, not because they occur rarely, but rather because they overwhelm the ordinary human adaptations to lifeâ⬠(Herman 24). She explores the idea that trauma is as indiv idual as it is common, with reactions and the journey to the post-traumatic self similar despite differences in events. In the case of Barbara Gordon, while the eventRead MoreThe Man I Killed By Tim OBrien1563 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"The Man I Killedâ⬠by Tim Oââ¬â¢Brien explores the psychological effects of someone in a war setting. While ââ¬Å"Military Service, Exposure to Trauma, and Health in Older Adulthood: An Analysis of Northern Vietnamese Survivors of the Vietnam Warâ⬠by Kim Korinek and Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan further explores this idea by showing how civilians are also affected by the trauma of war not just soldiers. ââ¬Å"American Ignorance of Warâ⬠by Czeslaw Milosz shows Americanââ¬â¢s obliviousness to the social norms and valuesRead MoreEssay on Ch 4 Notes Crim 260 Serial Killers1192 Words à |à 5 Pagesespecially violence. 3. To examine the incidence of school shootings by juveniles compared to adults. 4. To examine the Myers and Kirby typologies of juvenile serial killers. 5. To explore the etiology of serial murder as it relates to Hickeyââ¬â¢s Trauma- Control Model. 6. To review the case studies as they relate to the process of becoming a serial murderer. 7. To understand the facilitators that influence the construction of serial murderers. KEY TERMS: ATTRIBUTION OF BLAME: ARead MoreTheme Of Guilt In The Great Gatsby1118 Words à |à 5 Pagesof emotions from killing innocent victims. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he demonstrates the actions and emotions of guilt that lead up to a characters suicide. In the real world, people commit actions that causes sways of emotion, primarily guilt, that cause the individual to commit suicide. In this paper, I will present some of the ways a personââ¬â¢s guilt influences suicidal actions and thoughts. Some ways guilt influences suicidal thoughts and actions, is by trauma caused by combatRead MoreHonora Kelly, Also, And Most Famously Known As, Jane Toppan1724 Words à |à 7 PagesHonora Kelly, also, and most famously known as, Jane Toppan is one of Americaââ¬â¢s most famous serial killers. She was a woman who confessed to killing over thirty-three people, but experts say she killed around seventy more undocumented. She lived from the years 1857 to 1938. Honoraââ¬â¢s mother died when she was very young from tuberculosis and her father was very abusive and known as the townââ¬â¢s alcoholic, he also was noted as a crack smoker. Her dad, Peter Kelley, died from being insane and supposedlyRead MoreAmericaà ´s Hostile Response to the Vietnam War and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 1630 Words à |à 7 PagesWhen someone has PTSD, their sense of fear and stress are tampered with; even when not in danger, the person with the disorder may feel as though they are. It is as if the victims are suffering from delayed trauma. Several risk factors can lead to this: experiences with dangerous events/traumas, history of mental illness, physical pain, witnessing the injuries/deaths of others, feeling horror, helplessness, or extreme fear, little to no support after the trigger event, experiencing extra stress afterRead MoreEssay about Natural Descriptions in Coleridges and Lord Byrons Texts1394 Words à |à 6 Pagestexts, one that weve studied in this class and one that we havent, that handle natural description differently are Coleridges The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Lord Byrons Manfred. Both of these texts central characters have experienced trauma, and their portrayal of their environments reveal the effects that the events have left on them. While Coleridges mariner is unable to consolidate his past and is relegated to constantly relive it, Byrons Manfred has protected himself from his unnamedRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved And The Ghosts Of Slavery : Historical Recovery1691 Words à |à 7 Pagespast and the lasting impact that unresolved past trauma has upon the present. Morrison develops the character Beloved to represent all the unremembered and untold stories of slavery and to further the message that we must maintain a collective memory of slavery in order to pursue a hopeful future. Morrison develops Beloved as a character through her interactions with other characters in the novel and they way in which they interact with their past trauma. In Lina Krumholzââ¬â¢s The Ghosts of Slavery: HistoricalRead MoreThe Deep Dark Secrets Behind The Reality Of Wwi1412 Words à |à 6 Pagesreturning home after the war, the soldiers are welcomed with a parade with appraisal from citizen, but the reality is that the soldiers often forget why they go to war and they succumb to the trauma caused by the violent scenes and lose their insanity. In the novel, Elijah, Xavierââ¬â¢s best friend, becomes addicted with killing and loses his sanity. Xavierââ¬â¢s and Elijahââ¬â¢s reason for joining the war was simply to have fun and get away from home since they had nothing to do, which ultimately leads to a drasticRead MoreAbortion : A Controversial Topic986 Words à |à 4 Pagesworld that believe abortion is murder. Abortion is so much like murder as it is killing someone, it is the defiance of the community to agree with the sanity of a human life. There is no place on earth where someone does not get char ged for harming someone intentionally or taking the life of someone, abortion is no different. For example, if someone picked up a knife and stabbed another human being and ends up killing them. It is similar to a process of abortion occurs like when the physician uses Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-70341311468233810372019-12-27T04:44:00.001-08:002019-12-27T04:44:03.638-08:00Portable Art From Upper Paleolithic Period Portable art (known as mobiliary art or art mobilier in French) typically refers to objects carved during the European Upper Paleolithic period (40,000-20,000 years ago) that can be moved or carried as personal objects. The oldest example of portable art, however, is from Africa nearly 100,000 years older than anything in Europe. Further, ancient art is found around the globe far from Europe: the category has had to expand to serve the data that have been collected. Categories of Paleolithic Art Traditionally, Upper Paleolithic art is divided into two broad categories--parietal (or cave) art, including the paintings at Lascaux, Chauvet, and Nawarla Gabarnmang; and mobiliary (or portable art), meaning art that can be carried, such as the famous Venus figurines. Portable art consists of objects carved from stone, bone, or antler, and they take a wide variety of forms. Small, three-dimensional sculpted objects such as the widely known Venus figurines, carved animal bone tools, and two-dimensional relief carvings or plaques are all forms of portable art. Figurative and Non-Figurative Two classes of portable art are recognized today: figurative and non-figurative. Figurative portable art includes three-dimensional animal and human sculptures, but also figures carved, engraved, or painted on stones, ivory, bones, reindeer antlers, and other media. Non-figurative art includes abstract drawings carved, incised, pecked or painted in patterns of grids, parallel lines, dots, zigzag lines, curves, and filigrees. Portable art objects are made by a wide variety of methods, including grooving, hammering, incising, pecking, scraping, polishing, painting, and staining. Evidence of these ancient art forms can be quite subtle, and one reason for the broadening of the category well beyond Europe is that with the advent of optical and scanning electron microscopy, many more examples of art have been discovered. Oldest Portable Art The oldest portable art discovered to date is from South Africa and made 134,000 years ago, consisting of a piece of scored ochre at Pinnacle Point Cave. Other pieces of ochre with engraved designs include one from Klasies River cave 1 at 100,000 years ago, and Blombos cave, where engraved designs on 17 pieces of ochre were retrieved, the oldest dated to 100,000-72,000 years ago. Ostrich eggshell was first known to have been used as a medium for engraved portable art in southern Africa at Diepkloof Rockshelter and Klipdrift Shelter in South Africa and Apollo 11 cave in Namibia between 85-52,000. The earliest figurative portable art in South Africa is from the Apollo 11 cave, where seven portable stone (schist) plaques were recovered, made approximately 30,000 years ago. These plaques include drawings of rhinoceros, zebras, and humans, and possibly human-animal beings (called therianthropes). These images are painted with brown, white, black and red pigments made of a wide variety of substances, including red ochre, carbon, white clay, black manganese, white ostrich eggshell, hematite, and gypsum. Oldest in Eurasia The oldest figurines in Eurasia are ivory figurines dated to the Aurignacian period between 35,000-30,000 years ago in the Lone and Ach valleys in Swabian alps. Excavations at the Vogelherd Cave recovered several small ivory figurines of several animals; Geissenklà ¶sterle cave contained more than 40 pieces of ivory. Ivory figurines are widespread in the Upper Paleolithic, extending well into central Eurasia and Siberia. The earliest portable art object recognized by archaeologists was the Neschers antler, a 12,500-year-old reindeer antler with a stylized partial figure of a horse carved in the surface in left profile. This object was found at Neschers, an open-air Magdalenian settlement in Auvergne region of France and recently discovered within the British Museum collections. It was likely part of the archaeological materials excavated from the site between 1830 and 1848. Why Portable Art? Why our ancient ancestors made portable art so very long ago is unknown and realistically unknowable. However, there are plenty of possibilities that are interesting to contemplate. During the mid-twentieth century, archaeologists and art historians explicitly connected portable art to shamanism. Scholars compared the use of portable art by modern and historical groups and recognized that portable art, specifically figural sculpture, was often related to folklore and religious practices. In ethnographic terms, portable art objects could be considered amulets or totems: for a while, even terms like rock art were dropped from the literature, because it was considered dismissive of the spiritual component that was attributed to the objects. In a fascinating set of studies beginning in the late 1990s, David Lewis-Williams made the explicit connection between ancient art and shamanism when he suggested that abstract elements on rock art are similar to those images seen by people in visions during altered states of consciousness. Other Interpretations A spiritual element may well have been involved with some portable art objects, but wider possibilities have since been put forward by archaeologists and art historians, such as portable art as personal ornamentation, toys for children, teaching tools, or objects expressing personal, ethnic, social, and cultural identity. For example, in an attempt to look for cultural patterns and regional similarities, Rivero and Sauvet looked at a large set of representations of horses on portable art made from bone, antler, and stone during the Magdalenian period in northern Spain and southern France. Their research revealed a handful of traits that seem to be particular to regional groups, including the use of double manes and prominent crests, traits that persist through time and space. Recent Studies Other recent studies include that of Danae Fiore, who studied the rate of decoration used on bone harpoon heads and other artifacts from Tierra del Fuego, during three periods dated between 6400-100 BP. She found that the decoration of harpoon heads increased when sea mammals (pinnipeds) were a key prey for the people; and decreased when there was an increase in consumption of other resources (fish, birds, guanacos). Harpoon design during this time was widely variable, which Fiore suggests were created through a free cultural context or fostered through a social requirement of individual expression. Lemke and colleagues reported more than 100 incised stones at the Clovis-Early Archaic layers of the Gault site in Texas, dated 13,000-9,000 cal BP. They are among the earliest art objects from a secure context in North America. The nonfigurative decorations include geometric parallel and perpendicular lines inscribed on limestone tablets, chert flakes, and cobbles. Sources Abadà a, Oscar Moro. Paleolithic Art: A Cultural History. Journal of Archaeological Research, Manuel R. Gonzà ¡lez Morales, Volume 21, Issue 3, SpringerLink, January 24, 2013. Bello SM, Delbarre G, Parfitt SA, Currant AP, Kruszynski R, and Stringer CB. Lost and found: the remarkable curatorial history of one of the earliest discoveries of Palaeolithic portable art. Antiquity 87(335):237-244. Farbstein R. The Significance of Social Gestures and Technologies of Embellishment in Paleolithic Portable Art. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 18(2):125-146. Fiore D. Art in time. Diachronic rates of change in the decoration of bone artifacts from the Beagle Channel region (Tierra del Fuego, Southern South America). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 30(4):484-501. Lemke AK, Wernecke DC, and Collins MB. Early Art in North America: Clovis and Later Paleoindian Incised Artifacts from the Gault Site, Texas (41bl323). American Antiquity 80(1):113-133. Lewis-Williams JD. Agency, art, and altered consciousness: A motif in French (Quercy) Upper Paleolithic parietal art. Antiquity 71:810-830. Moro Abadà a O, and Gonzà ¡lez Morales MR. Towards a genealogy of the concept of paleolithic mobiliary art. Journal of Anthropological Research 60(3):321-339. Rifkin RF, Prinsloo LC, Dayet L, Haaland MM, Henshilwood CS, Diz EL, Moyo S, Vogelsang R, and Kambombo F. Characterising pigments on 30 000-year-old portable art from Apollo 11 Cave, Karas Region, southern Namibia. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 5:336-347. Rivero O, and Sauvet G. Defining Magdalenian cultural groups in Franco-Cantabria by the formal analysis of portable artworks. Antiquity 88(339):64-80. Roldà ¡n Garcà a C, Villaverde Bonilla V, Rà ³denas Marà n I, and Murcia Mascarà ³s S. A Unique Collection of Palaeolithic Painted Portable Art: Characterization of Red and Yellow Pigments from the Parpallà ³ Cave (Spain). PLOS ONE 11(10):e0163565. Volkova YS. Upper Paleolithic Portable Art in Light of Ethnographic Studies. Archaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology of Eurasia 40(3):31-37. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-84712639127085560762019-12-19T00:33:00.001-08:002019-12-19T00:33:03.648-08:00Should Prostitution Be Legalized - 889 Words Prostitution has been described as one of the oldest professions know to man. Although women inparticular have had the ability to sell their bodies in order to gain assets doing so has not only been frowned upon but illegal. Some find this option as a last resort. They have depleted resources and donââ¬â¢t know where else to turn. Many argue that morally prostitution is wrong and they may have merit in saying so. Despite this prostitution should be legalized not only because women should have the right to do what they want with their bodies but also in order to better protect the people who decide to pursue this practice. A concern that distresses a majority of people regarding prostitution is the ââ¬Å"psychological damageâ⬠that can be caused by selling oneself. This argument is validated by the statistics produced by prostitutes. They are not only more likely to commit suicide(almost six times the normal rate of an average American)but are more likely to struggle with de pression and insomnia. They also often reported that they felt guilt and remorse after selling sex. This is all pretty convincing evidence that prostitution does cause psychological issues but maybe the issues come from the stigma that is attached to prostitution and not prostitution itself. To explain this more accurately I would like to look at the homosexual population. In Moenââ¬â¢s article ââ¬Å"Is prostitution harmful?â⬠he goes into detail about the gay community and their psychological well being. BeforeShow MoreRelatedShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1406 Words à |à 6 PagesProstitution is one of the largest controversial issue facing the United States. The definition of prostitution, according to Merriam-Websterââ¬â¢s Dictionary, is the act or practice of engaging in sexual relations especially for the money. Prostitution has been constantly bashed by the media and is currently legal in only one state. In this state, only one county has banned prostitution. Why is it illegal? What is wrong with prostitution that has made it illegal? These are the important questions thatRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1048 Words à |à 5 PagesWalker May,15,2015 Should prostitution be legalized? Most of us have heard of prostitution and the controversial opinions of people whether it should be legalized or not. The fact is that prostitution has been practiced for many years regardless of its legality. As defined in the dictionary prostitution is the exchange of sex for money. Out of the 50 states in the U.S., Nevada is the only states were prostitution is legal. On the other hand, in some European countries prostitution is not illegal andRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1111 Words à |à 5 PagesProstitution has been around for a very long time. There has been great debates over the last few decades about prostitution law reform. It is accepted by some, denied by others, or just forbidden. Prostitution is that one thing that people do and does not get brought up for discussion after the fact. It is what some people call dirty and distasteful. But prostitution whether legalized or not will continue to happen. I will argue that prostitution should be legalized becaus e it would bring more benefitRead MoreShould Prostitution be Legalized?1658 Words à |à 7 PagesProstitution is an issue that has been debated in many countries. 22 countries have legalized prostitution. In the United States, prostitution is only legal in 11 rural counties in Nevada. It used to be legal in Rhode Island due to a loophole, but since 2009, it has been illegal. Women are not the only ones who are prostitutes, about 20 to 30% of prostitutes are male, which means both genders are affected by laws against prostitution. Men and women should be allowed to choose how they want to useRead MoreProstitution Should Be Legalized?1072 Words à |à 5 PagesProstitution in America Some consider prostitution to be evil, sin incarnated. They believe that the act of fornication with an unknown and unloved person is unholy and should be punishable. They may believe that those who are prostitutes are not human, but instead creatures that have given into their most primal lust. To give into the carnal temptation of sex, and to resolve it through means that are not considered normal, sentences one to eternal damnation. Or so some believe, and I respect theirRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1663 Words à |à 7 PagesDecriminalizing prostitution in the United States will be a hazard to the nation. Prostitution has been often called one of the oldest jobs in the world. However, it has been illegal in nearly all societies throughout history. Currently, there have been various countries where prostitution has been legalized by the government, allowing people over eighteen year olds to work as prostitutes legally. Nonetheless, those countries have had several neg ative effects following the legalization of prostitution. NeverthelessRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1725 Words à |à 7 PagesProstitution Should Be Legalized Some say prostitution is the world s oldest profession. Yet, only a small percentage of the worldââ¬â¢s government allows it. The legalization of prostitution is a very controversial topic due to many peopleââ¬â¢s moral beliefs. Prostitutes all over the world are treated as outcasts. A reason for people to be against prostitution could be due to their religious beliefs, moral standpoints, or lack of knowledge over the subject. Many religions state that sex outside of marriageRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1188 Words à |à 5 PagesShould Prostitution be legalized? Prostitution is defined as the engaging in, or agreeing to engage in, sexual conduct for a fee. Women are pushed into entering prostitution for many reasons including lack of education, poverty, and personal choice. Prostitution is currently illegal, but there is much controversy surrounding this issue. Picture in your mind this scenario: Jane is a 26 year old single woman who makes her living working the streets as a prostitute. She is clean, and is tested regularlyRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1537 Words à |à 7 PagesProfessor Petretto English 111 15 Nov. 2016 Should Prostitution be Legalized? Prostitution has been and may always be one of the most controversial topics in the United States. While there are some who argue that prostitution should be legalized, others do not agree with this theory. Some advocates argue that prostitution is a victimless crime and that it should be a decision that one chooses on his or her own. They also believe that the legalization of prostitution will minimize crime, increase tax revenueRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1411 Words à |à 6 PagesShould prostitution be Legalized? Whether or not prostitution should be legalized is, for some, a morally plagued question. The value society puts on sex can directly affect whether or not legalization will be considered. Even within Europe there is a drift. While France has banned prostitution it is legal in Germany, and has been since 2002. Is France morally outstanding, or is there something more to prostitution then what generally thought? The legalization of prostitution will affect many other Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-80730203296752403592019-12-10T21:14:00.001-08:002019-12-10T21:14:04.346-08:00Greasy Lake free essay sample There comes a time in every young mans life for him to break a barrier of reality to go from invincibility to mortality. They have to take that leap forward gradually, but as they do they will make mistakes along the way and have to learn from the bad ones. The short story ââ¬Å"Greasy Lakeâ⬠by T. Coraghessan Boyle is about three young men who have to break that barrier of reality in one horrible night by making mistake after mistake, only they have to learn from their mistakes quickly or they wont get out of their bad situation. There are two different symbols, themes, and characters that have meaning to it in this story. The symbols are the key being lost, and the water itself signifies a rebirth. The themes that are seen in this story are that the point of view was told from an older person looking back at his younger years and that he would have to learn from the mistakes of the past. The characters that have meanings to them are the main character and Bobby (the bad guy). Three wanna be bad characters made their main mistake of the night by driving out to Greasy Lake, a place everyone went to hang out. When they arrived they saw what appeared to be their friends car parked so they began flashing their headlights and honking the horn. When the main character gets out of the car he drops the key to the car and there is a dramatic feeling that comes over him, Boyle really explains it well when the character explains how he feels at that moment. The first mistake, the one that opened the whole floodgate, was losing my grip on the keys. In the excitement, leaping from the car with the gin in one hand and a roach clip in the other, I spilled them in the grass-in the dark, rank, mysterious nighttime grass of Greasy Lake. This was tactical error, as damaging and irreversible in its way as Westmorelands decision to dig in at Khe Sanh. I felt it like a jab of intuition, and I stopped there by the open door, peering vaguely into the night that puddled up round my feet. Boyle is showing how the character is worried that the keys are lost in the dark, rank, mysterious nighttime grass and its going to be hard to find them if at all in that and its all his fault that they wont be able to escape the fate they are about to encounter. In Michael Walkers article about the symbol of losing the key he explains how it was,â⬠this [loss of the car keys] was a tactical error, as damaging and irreversibleâ⬠(3). He also explains how Boyle compares the loss of the keys in the dirty water and the dark night as being in the Vietnam War(3). The character could have at least tried to find the keys, but instead he went to mess with the guy he thought was his friend in the car, they all got into a fight with this bad guy who gets out of the car. The main character hits the guy over the head with a tire iron and they all think he is dead. They all three attempt raping the bad characters girlfriend until a car pulls up,they run to the car until they remember the keys are still lost. Then they are all on their own. The consequence the main character has to overcome is him running and hiding from the people who came upon him and his friends as they were raping the bad characters girlfriend. The Greasy Lake, although it was filled with insects, and foul odors. Although thinking they wouldnt find him there, he ran knee deep into the Greasy Lake. MaterplotsII explains, ââ¬Å"narrators submersion into the lake, in his fear and guilt, amounts to a ritual baptism; the fetid waters are appropriate to his ââ¬Å"â⬠filthyâ⬠â⬠moral conditionâ⬠(2). The water and being baptized can mean being a new person in religious terms if you go to church it means your no longer with sin, so when he bumps into the dead body the meaning is for him to see death, and when he goes under water he comes up a new person reborn. Although while in the water he overhears the bad character he thought he killed by hitting over the head with a tire iron; get up and threaten to come and find him and his friends, but instead the bad character (Bobby) demolishes his (main characters) mothers car. The whole time the main haracter stays hiding in the disgusting waters of the Greasy Lake. Thinking back once again if he wouldnt have lost the keys his ââ¬Å"grail and salvationâ⬠(MasterplotsII). A lot of times older people will tell stories from their childhood of how they did so many foolish things and had such fun doing them that sometimes they get carried away with their stories and will take them out of context, for example in Masterplots II it says, ââ¬Å"Were it not for the storys obvious dual point of view- an older, mature narrator looking back at his foolish ounger selfâ⬠(2). The only way to learn from mistakes is to make them, and then learn from them. In this story its clear that it is being told by an older more mature adult that has already learned quite a few things from no doubt some of their mistakes, in Greasy Lake it seems as though this guy goes through mistake after mistake. First he looses his car key, then gets kicked in the face, tries to rape a girl, runs into the dirty lake where he bumps into a dead corpse, but from the time he goes under the water he seems to come up a different person. He has learned something from all his trouble, he doesnt want to act bad anymore by getting out of the water to fight the bad guy (Bobby), he stays in the water until he hears him leave, even though he hears him wrecking his mothers car. Then when he realizes he is not a bad character, its clear to come out he realizes it is dawn and the light reveals the key that was lost, they rejected the drugs that were offered to them, showing some sort of sign that they are not such bad characters anymore, then they get into the main characters moms car realizing that the bad guy (Bobby), could have totally demolished the car then they would have never been able to have left the Greasy Lake, so they were overjoyed. The two main characters that have symbolic meanings are the narrator and the bad guy (Bobby). The narrator is looking back from his older, more mature age. His inflated, often ironic rhetoric heightens the storys humor. Despite its many slapstick elements, the incident serves as a kind of initiation rite for the participants. After a series of stupid mistakes, the narrator comes close to actually being the ââ¬Å"bad characterâ⬠he only previously mimicked: Then stumbling through the stagnant water, the narrator discovers the body of a drowned biker, an experience he describes as one of lifes inescapable ââ¬Å"nasty little epiphaniesâ⬠(Literature Resource Center). Which he lives in this one night of mistakes and he experiences his own maturity toward adulthood. Bobby is the ââ¬Å"quintessentialâ⬠(2) bad guy in the story. He is a, ââ¬Å"big, greasy thug who favors expletives. His shiftless brawn, mask-like face, and steel-toe boots make him a terrifying opponentâ⬠(2). Even thought he gets hit with the tire-iron he somehow gets up off the ground, composes himself, and manages to keep his ââ¬Å"bad guyâ⬠image by demolishing the car that belonged to the narrators mom. Only after he realizes he cant get his hands on the narrator to hurt him, he decides to demolish the car instead thinking he will leave them there stranded. And so these three young men have to endure many difficult incidents beginning with the narrator loosing the key to the car, then getting into the ââ¬Å"murkyâ⬠and ââ¬Å"fetidâ⬠water of Greasy Lake. This story showed a dual point of view, being told a more mature, older narrator, as he looked back from his younger years describing this one night as a, ââ¬Å"initiation ritualâ⬠(Masterplots II) or a, ââ¬Å"dark night of the soul,â⬠in religious terms. Masterplots II is saying that they have grown since the beginning of the night, become more mature. Masterplots II also explains the theme as being summarized by, ââ¬Å"Through suffering comes wisdom. This story has a lot of support of this as the narrator is constantly making mistake after mistake, so therefore he is being punished, then after he gets out of the water, he is like new, the sun comes up. He finds the key he dropped, rejected the offer of drugs he is actually showing the responsibilities of an adult. He also realizes they can drive home because Bobby didnt slash the tires on his moms car. The narrator is probably so confused at the end of the story, not knowing if he should be excited he is finally growing up or dreading what his mother will say when he arrives with her car totally demolished. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-24145238370931686942019-12-03T08:56:00.001-08:002019-12-03T08:56:03.904-08:00Value Management Executive Summary Value management comprises an important aspect in the management of construction projects. It promotes the value of a project to various internal and external stakeholders. The value of the project improves due to the consideration of various value elements.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Value Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, in a bid to be successful in value management, it is imperative for project owners to define the project objectives clearly. Secondly, the value driver in the project should be outlined clearly. Furthermore, it is also imperative for the project owner to appreciate the existence of risks, which might affect the project outcomes. The consideration of these elements fosters the value of the project to the various project stakeholders. This report illustrates the value management and risk management aspects to be considered by the local government auth ority in the UK in implementing a construction project aimed at improving the societyââ¬â¢s welfare. Introduction Projects have become a fundamental approach through which governments are adopting in an effort to improve the welfare of the general population. Some of the major projects that have been initiated by different governments relate to the construction of public utilities such as sports centres and transport networks. Additionally, the degree of complexity and costs of projects vary across different set ups. Nevertheless, it is crucial for contractors to adopt effective project management practices in order to deliver value to the target stakeholders. Therefore, the incorporation of optimal value and risk management practices is critical in the delivery of projects. Dallas (111) proposes that value management ensures that the end-user requirements and the project ownersââ¬â¢ values are maximised. Thus, value management focuses on maximising the functional benefit of t he project. Conversely, risk management minimises deviation from the desired project outcome. The definition of value is subjective, which means that it depends on the prevailing context. Some of the major contexts of value relate to the exchange value, environmental value, social value, the use value, and image value.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite variation in its meaning, value is comprised of different value drivers. Dallas asserts that values drivers ââ¬Å"include the benefits that contribute to the value of the completed project to the different stakeholdersâ⬠(125). Failure to incorporate value drivers limits the effectiveness with which a project attains its desired objectives. The concepts of risk and value management are based on results. Therefore, it is essential for project managers to formulate performance measures to assess the outcomes attaine d. This goal can be attained by incorporating a number of generic drivers (Dallas 126). Purpose In its quest to improve the welfare of its citizens, the local government authority in the UK has allocated à £ 9.5 million to be used in a high profile construction project. The project intends to at bring together and provide citizens with access to a number of local authority, leisure, and community services within a single facility. In a bid to succeed in improving the welfare of the citizens, the local government authority [project owner] should ensure that the project delivers high value to the end users. This report analyses the value and risk management aspects that should be considered in improving the projectââ¬â¢s capacity to deliver value for money (VFM) and enrich the citizensââ¬â¢ experience. Strategic definitions and value drivers Bontempi emphasises that value engineering culture ââ¬Å"is focused on holistic maximisation of value for moneyâ⬠(89). Thus, the cl ient should consider the different elements in the delivery of the project. The local government authority is committed to delivering a high social value by enhancing the connection between its citizens and fostering positive interaction through the construction project.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Value Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a bid to improve the project outcome, the local government should adopt a holistic approach in managing the value and risk within the construction project. The local government authority should consider a number of generic value drivers as explained herein. Achieve desired financial performance The local government should assess its financial capacity to construct the intended facility by conducting a cost analysis in order to estimate the total cost of the project. Thus, the client will compare the budgetary allocation for the project and the estimated cost. T his move will provide insight on the possible financial constraints that might be incurred in implementing the project. Consequently, the client will determine the need for contingency budgeting. Furthermore, the client will determine the source of additional funds such as loans from financial institutions in advance. This aspect will improve the clientsââ¬â¢ capacity to deal with unprecedented project cost overruns. Cost estimation will enable the client to establish an effective basis for cost control. Therefore, the likelihood of the project being delivered successfully will increase. Operational efficiency The decision by the local government authority to invest in the construction project was motivated by the need to transform the community and improve the quality of life amongst citizens within the city and its surrounding. The client intends to achieve this goal by ensuring that citizens access diverse local government, leisure, and community services under one roof. In a bid to achieve this goal, the local government authority should ensure the attainment of a high level of operational efficiency upon the completion of the project. Some of the elements that the client should ensure involve the facilityââ¬â¢s capacity to enhance interaction between various units established. Ensuring a high level of operational efficiency will improve the level of satisfaction amongst the end-users [citizens].Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dallas is of the opinion that a ââ¬Å"building should actively enable the work and activities that it is designed for by offering opportunities for interaction and communicationâ⬠(127). Environmental dimension In the process of implementing the project, the client should not solely focus on the cost of the project. On the contrary, a holistic engineering management and value management approach should be taken into account. Therefore, the local government authority should adopt a culture that recognises different stakeholders who might be affected by the project in order to enhance the VFM. One of the aspects that the client should consider entails ensuring that the project is environmentally sustainable. For example, the construction should not affect the prevailing biodiversity adversely or cause environmental pollution. Cost of maintenance The value of the intended construction project to both the end user and the project owner will be affected by the cost of maintenance. Thus, the project owner should ensure that the cost of maintenance is significantly low in order to enhance its long-term sustainability. Additionally, the cost of maintenance should be minimal because the project will require annual funding by the local government authority. Therefore, minimising the cost of maintenance will ensure that the end-users are not over-burdened, for example, by increasing the levies in order to access the services provided within the facility. Compliance with third-party constraints The project owner should ensure that the construction project complies with the implemented legal requirements. Some of the elements that the project owner should ensure entail the safety and health of the end-user. For example, the local government authority should comply with the building recommendations stipulated by the Commission for Architecture in the Building Environment [CABE]. Furthermore, the owner should ensure that the project aligns with the stipulated legal req uirements. Compliance with legal requirements should be ensured during the delivery process and after completion of the project. Project delivery efficiency The project owner should ensure that effective project management processes are adopted in order to improve the outcome. One of the areas that the local government should consider relates to the management of the project procurement process. Bower emphasises that procurement ââ¬Å"is seen as an adjunct in the delivery of valueâ⬠(195). In a bid to achieve a high level of efficiency in the project procurement process, the project owner should assess the various activities that constitute an effective project value chain. By adopting the concept of project value chain, the project owner will perceive the various project tasks as value-adding activities. Consequently, the project owner should ensure that the project materials and resources are utilised optimally. Furthermore, the project manager should ensure that the right p eople are engaged in the project delivery process. Ability to attract and retain occupants The project owner intends to improve citizensââ¬â¢ wellbeing through the project. However, this goal is only attainable if the constructed project attracts employees or occupants. The facility should be characterised by a favourable working environment. Furthermore, the facility should inspire the target stakeholders by fostering a positive experience. Project stakeholders Hill (183) defines project stakeholders as the various individuals or entities that have some stakes in the outcome of a project. Projects have two main categories of stakeholders, viz. the internal and external stakeholders. In the process of implementing a project, it is critical for the project manager to ensure that the affiliation of the stakeholders to the project is understood extensively. Furthermore, Hill (183) proposes that project stakeholders have a significant impact on project management environment. Subsequ ently, effective profiling of stakeholders will provide insight on how to manage their influence on the project. The intended construction project will be influenced by the divergent interests of a number of stakeholders as evaluated below. Internal stakeholders This category of stakeholders is comprised of project participants who provide decisions and senior-directions that guide project implementation in order to achieve the desired objectives (Hill 183). Project Sponsor ââ¬â the local government authority in the UK constitutes the principle project sponsor. The sponsorââ¬â¢s decision-making authority is relatively high, as evidenced by the capacity to make decisions on project continuation and termination. Project Management Office Director ââ¬â the PMO Director should conduct project management control and oversight. The director should also assess the status of the various project activities continuously. Project Team [technical staff] ââ¬â the project team sho uld be comprised of members characterised by different expertise in order to ensure the successful delivery of the project activities. The integration of different experts into the team will ensure that the project team deals with complexities that might arise during the implementation process. Project Manager ââ¬â the project manager will be charged with the responsibility of overseeing the various project management activities that need to be executed during the projectââ¬â¢s life cycle. External stakeholders The project owner should identify the external stakeholders. Some of the external stakeholders that should be considered include End users ââ¬â these involve the final consumers of the project. In this project, the end-users entail the citizens living within the city and its vicinity. The end users will be interested in deriving maximum satisfaction by consuming the services offered by the facility upon its successful completion. External public parties ââ¬â these include the public organisations such as government agencies, trade associations, labour unions, and government authorities, for example, the construction planning departments [CABE and the Royal Institute of British Architects]. Chinyoi and Olomolaiye (82) argue that these stakeholders have legitimate authority to ensure that the intended constructions adhere to the building regulations on top of being approved by the relevant authorities. Project risk management Raftery (76) asserts that construction projects are complex and they consume a substantial amount of resources. However, the occurrence of unexpected events or risks may affect project delivery adversely. Therefore, it is imperative for the project owner to identify and manage the possible risks that might occur at different phases of the implementation process. Some of the risk events that might be encountered during the construction project are illustrated below. Pre-design stage ââ¬â the occurrence of confli cts amongst the various interest groups might lead to project delays, hence increasing the cost of the project due to changes in the market environment. Moreover, cost estimation errors might affect the execution of various project tasks. Concept design stage ââ¬â one of the major risks that might be encountered during this stage relates to delay in the approval of the project, for example, by the construction authorities. Tendering stage ââ¬â submission of incomplete project tender documents and unqualified bidders might also increase time management risk. Construction stage ââ¬â the project completion might also be affected by delays and acquisition of the project site among other factors like bad weather. Additionally, the increment in the cost of the project might affect the project outcome adversely. Considering the impact of risk on a project, it is critical for the project manager to adopt effective risk management techniques such as cost analysis and time manage ment. Furthermore, the project owners should outsource construction experts in order to ensure that the project risks are identified and managed effectively. The project ownersââ¬â¢ commitment in managing risk influences the extent of support received from the various project stakeholders. Evaluating project success The project sponsor should consider a number of parameters in assessing the success of the project. Some of these parameters include Adherence to the predetermined timeframe ââ¬â projects should be delivered within a specific pre-determined timeframe in order to increase their value. Thus, the Project Manager should adopt effective time management techniques. Failure to manage project time optimally might increase the cost of the project due to economic changes. Quality of the project outcome ââ¬â the project outcome should comply with the quality specifications outlined by the project owner. In a bid to improve the quality of the project, it is imperative fo r the project manager to assess continuously the quality attained in the various phases of the project. Cost analysis ââ¬â the project sponsor should evaluate whether the project has been implemented successfully within the budgetary allocation. Stakeholder satisfaction ââ¬â the local government authority should also assess the extent to which the project outcome has met and exceeded the stakeholdersââ¬â¢ goals. Project development and value studies The project sponsor is committed to ensuring that the desired outcome is attained. In a bid to achieve this goal, the project sponsor has allocated 5 days of study time that the project team will undertake on value management/ value engineering concepts in the project timeframe. The value studies will be conducted with reference to the stages outlined by the 2013 RIBA plan of work. Best and Valence (243) emphasise that value management studies play a fundamental role in enhancing project delivery by promoting a consensus betw een the various project participants. In order to improve the project outcome, it is imperative for the project sponsor to consider two main value study activities as explained herein. Core objectives ââ¬â the success of the project in delivering the intended outcome will depend on the extent to which the project stakeholders understand the projectââ¬â¢s core objectives. Therefore, it is essential for the project owners to train the stakeholders on the diverse project objectives such as quality objectives. By gaining prior knowledge on the project objectives, the project team members will be focused at executing the assigned tasks. Integrating the core objectives as one of the study elements will lead to the improvement of the project outcome. Project sustainability ââ¬â another aspect that the project owner should consider during the value management studies relates to project sustainability. This study should focus on ensuring that stakeholders develop a comprehensive understanding on the various sustainability targets to be achieved. Some of the elements that should be considered during the project sustainability workshop relate to the adherence to environmental requirements, for example, the climate parameters that will be ensured in the project. The two value management studies should be conducted at different points of the project lifecycle. The value management study with reference to the projectââ¬â¢s core objectives should be conducted during the project preparation and brief stage. The study will promote a high level of information synthesis amongst the project stakeholders, hence increasing their level of orientation towards the project. The main participants during the value management-study workshop on the projectââ¬â¢s core objectives will include the project sponsors, project manager, the project team, the end-users and the government, and non-government regulatory bodies in the construction industry. Conversely, value managem ent study on sustainability should be conducted at the concept design stage. Kelly, Male, and Graham (43) assert that during the concept design stage, a comprehensive structural design of the intended project is developed. Additionally, the concept designing stage also involves outlining the preliminary project cost information and the project strategies to be adopted. The study on sustainability should mainly involve internal project stakeholders such as the project sponsor, project owners, project team members, the regulatory authorities, and the project manager. One of the agendas that should be taken into account during the sustainability study session relates to how the project will deliver sustainable benefits amongst the target end-users. Furthermore, the study should also illustrate how sustainable VFM will be attained. By considering these stakeholders in the value management and engineering studies, the project owner will entrench the level of participation and support dur ing the implementation process. Thus, the probability of attaining optimal outcome will increase. In order to improve the effectiveness of the value management studies, it is essential for the project owner to conduct the study through an isolated workshop environment. Therefore, the project owner should identify an effective location within which the value management studies should be conducted. Adopting an isolated workshop environment will minimise interruptions from outside agents. Furthermore, this approach will foster collaboration amongst the various project participants, hence increasing the project outcome. Value management study on the projects core objectives should take 2 days while study on project sustainability should take 3 days in order to ensure that the various stakeholders understand the various elements associated with the project such as the project cost, project strategies, and project design. Appraisal of the effectiveness of the value management studies The project owner should evaluate the effectiveness of the value management studies by assessing two main elements. First, the project owner should evaluate the level of understanding amongst the project participants on the value management studies undertaken. Secondly, the appraisal process should also evaluate the project participantsââ¬â¢ degree of commitment to ensuring that the desired outcome is attained. Conclusion It is important for the project owner to ensure that effective value management and risk management practices are adopted in order to achieve the project objectives. Some of the value management practices that the project owner should consider include defining the value drivers and the parameters to be adopted in assessing the success with which the value drivers have been integrated into the project. Furthermore, the project owners must ensure that the external and internal project stakeholders are involved in the project planning and delivery process. The project owner decision to integrate value management studies will play a vital role in improving the level of commitment, focus, and support amongst the project participants. Works Cited Best, Rick, and Gerard Valence. Building in value; predesigned issues, New York: Routledge, 2013. Print. Bontempi, Franco. Structural and construction, Chicago: CRC Press, 2003. Print. Bower, Denise. Management of procurement, London: Thomas Telford, 2003. Print. Chinyoi, Ezekiel, and Paul Olomolaiye. Construction stakeholder management,à Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Print. Dallas, Michael. Value and risk management: a guide to best practices, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2006. Print. Hill, Gerard. The complete project management methodology and toolkit, Chicago: CRC Press, 2009. Print. Kelly, John, Steven Male, and Drummond Graham. Value management ofà construction projects, Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2004. Print. Raftery, John. Risk analysis in project management, New York: Routledge, 2003. Print. This report on Value Management was written and submitted by user Ahmad Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-2616231868383778042019-11-27T13:08:00.001-08:002019-11-27T13:08:04.344-08:0010 Types of Companies You Should Never Work For10 Types of Companies You Should Never Work For In your job search, you will come across a wide variety of companies. Some will be better to work for than others. Some will suit your working style best. And some are best avoided entirely. Keep an eye out for companies to steer clear of completely, and learn to recognize them early- and save yourself some suffering and stress!1. The Revolving DoorKeep an eye out for companies with really high turnover, ones stuck in a hire-and-fire cycle and hunting for the same new roles every six months or a year. This is either the fault of a bad internal culture or fickle management. Itââ¬â¢s bad news either way.2. The Group InterviewersSome companies like to save time by interviewing candidates in batches. If they canââ¬â¢t take the time to interview candidates one-on-one, they might not be for you.3. The Bad Culture/ReputationIf a company has consistently bad employee reviews, thatââ¬â¢s a bad sign. Worse if the recruiter evades questions about employee satisfaction and culture. And if its reputation is bad? Well, it probably deserves it.4. The Glossy FakerThe website, materials, even the bossââ¬â¢s office are pristine. But the building itself, and every other office in it (mostly dark and dilapidated cubicles) seems overlooked and cluttered. This is a great sign of how this company treats their workers: badly.5. The Ghost CompanyThis company doesnââ¬â¢t give you anything to go on- no information about the job you are applying for, no organizational chart, no mission statement, no specified salary, and no other guidelines of any kind. This hint atà a huge lack of organization, and does not bode well.6. The Non-TrainersItââ¬â¢s one thing for a company not to offer formal training and to expect you to get up to speed through informal training. But a company that wonââ¬â¢t help get you up to speed at all? Not investing in you, and not worth investing in!7. The Foot-DraggersYou expect have to wait to hear back. But if youââ¬â¢ve been in touch to re affirm your interest or with questions, or if youââ¬â¢ve gotten another offer and the company refuses to accelerate the process or give you an answer, run away.8. The Top DownStay away from companies where there are a ton of executives and managers making all of the decisions and doing all the brainstorming, but the rank and file employees are more or less overlooked.9. The Stagnant PondIf there are no learning opportunities advertised and the hiring manager evaded your questions about your career goals in the future, stay away. You want a company that will help you develop and advance in your goals- not a dead end job, no matter how much you like it now.10. The TitanicThis kind of company seems to have it all- except direction. If they cannot articulate long-term goals or future plans, then senior leadership isnââ¬â¢t disseminating what it needs to. Thatââ¬â¢s never a good sign. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-66411752059769581932019-11-23T20:42:00.001-08:002019-11-23T20:42:03.426-08:00Silver Service EssaysSilver Service Essays Silver Service Paper Silver Service Paper Chaper8 Silver service 1 what is silver service? -Style of catering where the food is delivered to the table on a platter held by the waiter and served to the customerââ¬â¢s plate using a folk and spoon . 2 Which side of the guest do you stand for silver service? -Left of the guest 3 what are the limitations of using the thread method of holding the service gear? -Each different items need to be served by different service gear required. 4 How do you pick up small items of food? -To remove your index finger in wedge method. What sort of things are served with two fish knives instead of the usual service gear? -Soft or large items requiring more support than can be given by a service spoon and fork. 6 In which direction should the gear be moving as you pick up food from the service plate? -The service gear is moving towards you. 7 How would you plan the presentation of the food on the plate? -we need to consider the other items to be served . ex) separating two different color item for visual balance 8 How and when are sauces served in silver service? It should not be carried on the same serving dish as the food . They are offered and served separately using as sauce-boat and a serving spoon. A spoon is used to serve them and serve the sauce from the left of the guest. 9 Where are other accompaniments placed? -They are placed to the left of the main item. Chapter9 Clearing Table 1 How can you tell when all the guests have finished a course? -Guest usually indicate that by placing their cutlery together on plate or we can ask them. 2 Describe the two-plate clearing technique. 1) At the back right hand corner pick up the plate with your right hand. 2) Transfer the plate to your left hand, holding it between the thumb n index finger. Use the knife to move the scrap items to the front of the plate3) place the knife under the handle of the folk 4) Moving around the table pick up second used plate n its cutlery 5) Transfer the second plate to your left hand positio n it on a platform above the first plate supporting it with your ring finger, your little finger n the base of your thumb n lower forearm. ) place the fork alongside the other fork on the first plate n using the knife push the scraps down off the second plate onto the front of the first plate to join the scraps already there. 7) place the knife alongside the knife on the first plate8) Moving around the table collect the remaining plates n cutlery. 3 Where should the dirty plates be held? -Station(Sideboard) or Dishwashing machine 4 How is the cutlery prevented from falling off the plate as it piles up? -place the knife under the handle of the fork at right angles to it. Describe the three ââ¬âplate clearing technique. 1) At the back right hand corner pick up the plate with your right hand. 2) Transfer the plate to your left hand, holding it between the thumb n index finger. Use the knife to move the scrap items to the front of the plate3) place the knife under the handle of the folk 4) Moving around the table pick up second used plate n its cutlery5) place the second plate in the crease of the palm of your left hand under the edge of the first plate supporting it by your ring and little fingers. Place the fork alongside the fork on the first plate n using the knife move the scrap items from the first plate down onto the second plate. Place the knife alongside the knife on the first plate. 6) Moving round the table pick up the next guestââ¬â¢s used plate. 7) place the third plate so that it sits on the flat of your forearm n the rim of the second plate. Place the fork alongside the forks on the first plate n use the knife to move the scraps onto the second plate place the knife alongside the other knives on the first plate. )Continue collecting the plates, stacking the additional plates on the third plate, transferring the scraps onto the second plate n placing the knives n forks neatly on the first plate. 6 What is the advantage of the three-plate clearing technique? -Scrap food items and the used cutlery are carried on separate plates. 7 How many plates should you collect at once? -As many plates as you can. 8 What technique is used to collect side plates at the same tim e as dinner plates? -Using the two plate or the three plate technique. 9 When should side plates be collected separately from dinner plates? If there are more than four guests at the table. 10 How should unusually shaped plates be collected? -They should not be stacked but held separately from used dishes, using the two or three plate carrying method. Chapter17 End of service procedures 1 Why are the two purposes of a bill? -To inform the guest of the amount to be paid , To act as a control system for the establishment. 2 Why is important to present the bill promptly? -They may earn a reputation for slow service. Bringing bill late is one of the reasons that makes guest feel annoyed. What should you do with the bill if it is not clear who is the host? -place the bill in the centre of the table 4 What is the procedure for accepting payment by credit card? -Check that the establishment accepts the kind of card presented and its expiry date. If it has been signed. 5 Why should you neve r stand and wait for a tip? -Waiter has absolutely no right to a tip because it is a bonus for especially satisfying service. 6 How can you make a good impression when farewelling guests? -If itââ¬â¢s possible remember the guestââ¬â¢s name and wish them ââ¬Å"good eveningâ⬠and thank them for coming. You should make sure that guests take their personal belongings with them when they leave . What items are they particularly likely to forget? -Coats, hats and BYO bags, umbrella 8 How should you carry cups and saucers when clearing a table? -They should be carried using either two or three plate carrying technique. Do not stack the cups 9 How should workstations be left? -They are restocked with cleaned, polished equipment. Chapter 19 Function operation 1 What does the hospitality industry mean by ââ¬Ëa functionââ¬â¢? -Offering novice opportunity to gain part-time employment and establish themselves. Write down six different styles of function which might need the ser vices of waiters. -Wedding/ Conference/Birthday party/office party/Engagement party/Christmas party 3 What is the purpose of the ââ¬ËFunction sheetââ¬â¢? -In order to record and confirm the detail of function 4 What should a function cover consist of ? -Dessert covers /Glassware/Cups and saucers 5 In what circumstances do function staff work in teams? -At large function, to preserve a smooth and quick level of service 6 What is the job of the runners in a function team? Picking up plated items from the kitchen and transferring them to a service area within the dining room. 7 How many five-person teams do you think would be necessary to serve a standard three- course dinner for a function with 500 guests? -3teams of five 8 In what ways might correct drinks service be different at a large function compared with a dinner for four in a restaurant? -At large function, there are two separate team one for the beverage and the other one is for serving food. The beverage must be served alternately with the food. FB Service Management Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-7450765583964246022019-11-21T05:48:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:48:03.131-08:00History of group therapy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsHistory of group therapy - Research Paper Example Individuals in the group therapy have the advantage of using both the therapist as well as the other member of the group to share the problems that one has and attempts to find a solution to them. This is particularly because the members in each group are at different levels of coping with the situational difficulties and are doing so at different rates as well. When an individual observes how the others in the group cope with sufferings that they undergo, they gain hope and inspiration of enduring and overcoming the hardships. The use of group therapy emerged because of a feeling by several psychologists that many problems that individual faced in their daily undertakings were social in nature. Patients suffering from a similar disease were encouraged to group together to provide each other with mutual support. Such groups developed into social work groups at different social centers. These would later develop into the present support group by different development agencies. Managin g post-traumatic stress disorders Human beings have a unique nature when it comes to handling personal issues. One common scenario that is witnessed in any emerging therapy group is that every new member feels isolated and completely different from the others in the group. These beginners have a problem in developing good relations with the others in the group and that spirit of love is completely withdrawn from them. However, if the group therapy is effectively carried out, such emotions can be completely drained from the minds of these individuals. An effective group therapy will enable these individuals to understand that they are not very different from the others and that they are not actually desperate and lonely, as they believe. The abuses to which females are subjected during their childhood and at adult age do have along-term impact on their psychosocial development. Those who have had childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual assault often exhibit different kinds of psychia tric problems that are believed to be associated to these assaults. Posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) refer to the overall effect of both childhood and adult sexual distress that are believed to cause the psychiatric problems seen in such females. The situation results in poor regulation, attention, relations with others, as well as how one understands oneself. The condition is hard to manage owing to its complexity and the long period before a treatment is provided after the sexual abuse. It is because of the complexity in the kind of healthcare that these individuals need that use of group therapy ha been adopted. However, some clinicians propose that the group therapy be conducted only after an individual therapy. Armstrong and Rose (1997) carried out an investigation on how group psychotherapy could be effective in managing the posttraumatic disorders that affect members of a family (p1). They observed that therapy enables women to perceive their roles in the societal contex t. It was also observed that the females that were adopting the so-called feminist principles carried on well with their marital partners. It enabled them to remove the traditional perception on their roles in the society thereby promoting an unrestricted relationship (Armstrong & Rose 1997, p5). Group therapy involves the provision of Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-71537655894575053762019-11-20T04:38:00.001-08:002019-11-20T04:38:02.477-08:00Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2Report - Essay Example The company is headquartered at London, United Kingdom. The telecommunication giant started its operation as Racial Telecom in the year 1983 but the British telecommunication company changed their name to Vodafone in the year 1991 (Vodafone, 2012). The company has established its presence in continents like Asia, Europe, USA, Oceania and Africa. Total employee base of the company is more than 80,000. Global subscriber base for the company is over 350 millions (Vodafone, 2010). Vodafone focuses on developing its product portfolio in periodic manner in order to meet multidimensionality of ever changing consumer demand. For example, the company has implemented new facilities such as shopping order tracking from mobile phone in order to attract attention of online shoppers. The British telecommunication company faces competition from companies like BT Mobile, One Tel, Virgin and many others. Vodafone has earned sales revenue of $71.81billion in the year 2012 and market capitalization of the company is $ 127.18 billion (Yahoo Finance, 2013). Telecommunication industry in the world is going through a transitional phases, telecom companies are slowly moving towards synchronizing internet service with telecom services altogether in order to meet customer demand. Three key trends of the industry have forced telecom companies to rethink about adopting e-business model in order to reduce the cost of providing service. Evolution of Internet Entrust (2001) has reported that, internet usage in B2C & B2B transactions will increase threefold in next 15 years, which means by 2015, e-business will contribute more than half of the global transaction. Demand for Data BBC (2011) had reported that global data demand will rise to more than 400 exabytes within 2013 and companies need to use online business model in order to store such huge databases. Social networking, web browsing and online shopping produce huge amount of data, companies need to use the online platform in order to c hannelize these data properly for generating revenue. Demand for Convenient Service In modern world, both B2B and B2C customers prefer faster and convenient transactions in order perform strategic and non-strategic functions. These customers want to be empowered with faster internet access and real time data monitoring, telecom companies need to implement e-business model in order to fulfil increased demand for convenience among mobile users. The essay will propose a holistic e-business model for Vodafone. Next part of the essay will discuss theoretical framework of the proposed e-business model. Research scholars such as Dierickx & Cool (1989), Rumelt (1986), Grant (1991) and Barney (1986) have argued that, firms need to increase their resource capability such as technological integration capability, developing tangible assets etc in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage over competitors. Porter (1980, 1985) had stated that, companies need to use competitive advantage as a source for ensuring sustainability of business operation. It is evident from the scholarly works of various research scholars, Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-40374815543456392332019-11-17T17:08:00.001-08:002019-11-17T17:08:02.526-08:00Academic goal Essay Example for Free Academic goal Essay Review this weekââ¬â¢s resources (for example SMART criteria, and the Career Plan Building Activities). Respond to the following in 50 to 100 words each: 1. Describe one academic goal that you have created using the SMART criteria. How do SMART criteria contribute to your academic goals?. The long academic goal I have created using the SMART technique is to pass college. The SMART Criteria break down the goal to make it more understandable and specific to my needs. A more recent goal I want to achieve is getting through my us/101 and my fp/101 classes without any problems. 2. Describe one professional/career goal you have created using the SMART criteria and Career Plan Building Activities results. How did the results of the Career Interest Profiler and Career Plan Building Activity on Competencies contribute to your professional goal development? Using the SMART criteria it helped me develop a goal of getting more information on the job I want to do once I am out of college and have my degree. My goal was to talk to someone who does what I do and get more information on the job I want to do. I sat down with my step dad who does a Tech Support job and talked with him for about 2-3 hours about his job. 3. Describe the stress and time-management strategies you have learned this week that will help you achieve your goals. This week Iââ¬â¢ve read about many time-management strategies and the one that stuck out the most was having a planner on you at all times. After reading about this I went ahead and set up a schedule in my phone to follow and boy howdy it has been very convenient, it has helped me tremendously complete all my work on time. 4. Describe how you will balance academic expectations and your personal and professional responsibilities. I will most likely be able to balance all of my academic expectations in college between my person responsibilities very well because I currently am 18 and living with my parents. I donââ¬â¢t really have much to do other than college and hang out with friends. Currently Iââ¬â¢m just doing all my college work Monday-Friday then on the weekends just going out and hanging out with friends. 5. How can understanding the importance of SMART criteria and your career interests and competencies help you move towards your career and academic goals? Understanding the SMART criteria and my career interests can help me move towards my goals because I can set up goals that are simplified and more understandable. Understanding my goals specifically will help me achieve them easier. Once I have my goals set up I can work towards completing them in a timely manner. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7393801813461816533.post-90790052154474655202019-11-15T05:39:00.001-08:002019-11-15T05:39:02.939-08:00acupuncture :: essays research papers Acupuncture An estimated two thousand years ago, the Jin dynasty introduced a new medical practice to their culture. The practice, known as acupuncture, treats many common ailments using needles on certain areas of the body in order to enhance the flow of energy or ââ¬Å"qiâ⬠. Since its birth, millions of people over centuries have relied on the benefits of acupuncture, which include everything from relieving stress to promoting good health. Although there has been much scientific dispute over the benefits of acupuncture, countless testimonials of satisfied acupuncture patients over the centuries have remained passionate advocates for the practice of promoting harmonious anatomical energy. Beginning around the time of the Jin Dynasty, acupunctureââ¬â¢s procedure remains similar to its original practice that it did in the beginning of its use. By placing a small needle onto one of the approximate 500 acupuncture points of the body, the needle can help stimulate the flow of energy to the part of the body being deprived of a healthy flow. This function is to help promote a healthy, harmonious balance between the opposing forces of yin and yang within the body. The Chinese recognize that the body contains 14 pathways or ââ¬Å"meridiansâ⬠through which qi travels. When the body begins to become stressed or the immune system begins to weaken, the flow of qi becomes conflicted and restrained. Additionally, the procedureââ¬â¢s benefits have also remained the same since acupunctureââ¬â¢s birth. Acupuncture, known as a yang-therapy due to its exterior-to-interior approach is used to treat high blood pressure, muscle pain, asthma, gingivitis, and headaches to name just a few. Acupuncture, based on the Daoist philosophy of harmonious balance stimulates an even flow between qi and the immune system. Rather than directly acting as a direct cure for a disease, acupuncture partners with the immune system in fighting off disease. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04980338035036567491noreply@blogger.com0