Maya Angelou Interpretation of Poetry Free Essays

Maya Angelou Dr. Maya Angelou, conceived April 24, 1928, was an amazing artist, memoirist, author, instructor, screenwriter, maker, entertainer, student of history, movie producer, and social liberties lobbyist known as perhaps the best voice of renaissance. She encountered brutal racial segregation all through her lifetime, but amidst her preliminaries she never loses dignity or certainty. We will compose a custom paper test on Maya Angelou: Interpretation of Poetry or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Through her incredible conveyance of words she dually exemplifies her enthralling character and disposition. By and large, her works are portrayals of what her identity is and what she has faith in. Sandra Cookson is the writer of an article included in World Literature Today, distributed by the University of Oklahoma, who makes a great showing of lighting up Angelou’s significant messages that exist in her sonnet â€Å"Still I Rise†. Moreover, Kelly Holland Cecil, an understudy who went to University of North Carolina in 1998, directed a careful investigation on a considerable lot of Angelou’s Poems. Cecil gives an entryway of understanding as she scientifically goes into profundity on clarifying Dr. Angelou’s sonnet, â€Å"Phenomenal Woman†. Through cautious examination and investigation of Angelou’s verse followed by research got from research a comprehension of what her identity was and the message she was attempting to get across might be created. Regardless, Angelou accepts that being â€Å"phenomenal† doesn't originate from the magnificence that is acknowledged from others however from one’s certified uniqueness. The persona in â€Å"Phenomenal Woman,† depicts a solid, pleased lady of unobtrusiveness and lowliness which is without a doubt Angelou. She shows this in the main line of the sonnet, when she says â€Å"Pretty ladies wonder where my mystery lies. The examiner intentionally isolates herself from the â€Å"in-crowd†, which for this situation is â€Å"pretty ladies. † Thus, recommending that she doesn't view herself as alluring. At that point, in line 2 she consoles the examiner of her attitude when she composes â€Å"I’m not adorable or worked to suit a desi gn model’s size. † After at first perusing these initial two lines, it is workable for them to be confused with uncertainties, yet as one peruses further, plainly Angelou isn't embarrassed about her distinction yet in reality abundantly unobtrusive. It’s in the compass of my arms The range of my hips, The step of my progression, The twist of my lips. I’m a lady Phenomenally. Amazing lady, That’s me. Subsequent to perusing the lines above, there is no uncertainty that the she doesn't see herself as a lady with model magnificence, in any case, in her point of view, an incredible lady. Taking a gander at lines 1-4 above, instead of the customary looks that are commonly acknowledged from men of female models, she lights up the less observable highlights of her body that make her interesting in an extraordinary manner. Albeit a definite number was unmentioned, she explicitly alludes to her stature in line 3 above. Angelou was an overwhelming lady remaining at around six feet tall(Cecil 1998). This is one more showcase of Angelou’s character demonstrating that she is pleased with the physical highlights she has that make her incomparable. Besides, the Angelou utilizes reiteration which as indicated by Cecil â€Å"helps give the sonnet a stream and causes it to appear to be progressively recognizable and expressive. † The individual rehashes the accompanying lines toward the finish of every refrain: I’m a lady Phenomenally Phenomenal lady That’s me. Due to Angelou’s history of musicality she fuses this style of reiteration similarly as a snare or chorale to a tune. She does in such a way, that nearly powers the examiner to state it with her and in the end recognize that she isn't a â€Å"pretty woman†, however â€Å"a marvelous lady/phenomenally†. As per Cecil, This may have been affected by her profession as an artist and as a Broadway entertainer. Moreover, Cookson cites that, â€Å"The melodic flows of blues and jazz, the cadence of rap tunes, and the language of the Bible blend in her sonnets. Through the inventiveness of analogies and symbolism in Angelou’s sonnet â€Å"Still I Rise† she can portray herself that uncovers her as a resilient lady of shading by showing her degree of assurance and diligence to defeat racial separation. In the principal refrain of this specific sonnet, she has a mentality that epitomizes her solid willed character as she alludes to the numero us things that she has experienced all through her lifetime. In line 4 of the sonnet she announces that notwithstanding her situation â€Å"still† like the â€Å"dust† of the ground she will rise. Accordingly, demonstrating explanations made by Cookson when she composes â€Å"†¦ The language of the book of scriptures blend in her poems†. Scripturally, God made humanity through the residue of the ground, so basically Angelou is utilizing symbolism to show that similarly as God made man ascend from dust, regardless of what power is against her she can at present ascent up and be triumphant. By taking the verses of Angelou’s sonnet into thought, one may see that she communicates in a manner that relates to the brutal separation she persevered. In the expressions of Cookson, Still I rise is â€Å"a sonnet about the endurance of dark ladies in spite of each sort of humiliation†¦ America has oppressed them since the times of slavery†(800). In light of this announcement, there ought to be no doubt of the reviewer in her sonnet, as it is by all accounts the prevailing white race in America. In the accompanying lines Angelou uncovers her solidarity to endure separation: You may shoot me with your words, You may cut me with your eyes, You may execute me with your contempt, But still, similar to air, I’ll rise. Angelou’s accepts this as an open door to pass on her emotions towards the separation She has persevered. In the above refrain, she lights up that she has been â€Å"hated on†, â€Å"looked down upon†, and â€Å"spoken to harshly† in view of her shading. In any case, she doesn’t permit herself to be broken by the conditions she faces. Regardless, she â€Å"rises†. By venting on Angelou’s verse systematically, one can see that her character represents a lady who is solid, lenient, unassuming, and perseverant even with affliction. In her sonnet â€Å"Still I Rise† she proceeds to state â€Å"I am the fantasy and the expectation of the slave†. This is Angelou strong expressing that where others have fizzled, she has thrived due to her persistence and duty to herself to be who she isâ€â€Å"A Phenomenal Woman, Phenomenally†. Works Cited Cecil, Kelly Holland. Maya Angelou - 1928. 1998. 20 4 2012 http://www. uncp. edu/home/canada/work/canam/angelou. htm. Cookson, Sandra. World Literature Today. Vol. Vol. 69. Harvest time: World Literature Today, 1995. Penguin Creative. Dr. Maya Angelou, The Official Website . 2012 . http://mayaangelou. com/bio/. The most effective method to refer to Maya Angelou: Interpretation of Poetry, Essay models

Complete Guide to Integers on ACT Math (Advanced)

Complete Guide to Integers on ACT Math (Advanced) SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Whole numbers, whole numbers, whole numbers (gracious, my)! You've just found out about your essential ACT whole numbers and now you're craving to handle the substantial hitters of the number world. Need to know how to (rapidly) discover a rundown of prime numbers? Need to realize how to control and take care of type issues? Root issues? Well look no further! This will be your finished manual for cutting edge ACT whole numbers, including prime numbers, examples, outright qualities, back to back numbers, and roots-what they mean, just as how to comprehend the more troublesome whole number inquiries that may appear on the ACT. Ordinary Integer Questions on the ACT First of all there is, shockingly, no â€Å"typical† whole number inquiry on the ACT. Whole numbers spread such a wide assortment of points that the inquiries will be various and differed. What's more, thusly, there can be no reasonable layout for a standard number inquiry. In any case, this guide will walk you through a few genuine ACT math models on every number theme so as to give you a portion of the a wide range of sorts of whole number inquiries the ACT may toss at you. As a general guideline, you can tell when an ACT question expects you to utilize your whole number strategies and abilities when: #1: The inquiry explicitly makes reference to whole numbers (or successive whole numbers) It could be a word issue or even a geometry issue, yet you will realize that your answer must be in entire numbers (whole numbers) when the inquiry pose for at least one whole numbers. (We will experience the way toward tackling this inquiry later in the guide) #2: The inquiry includes prime numbers A prime number is a particular sort of whole number, which we will examine later in the guide. For the present, realize that any notice of prime numbers implies it is a whole number inquiry. A prime number an is squared and afterward added to an alternate prime number, b. Which of the accompanying could be the conclusive outcome? A significantly number An odd number A positive number I as it were II as it were III as it were I and III as it were I, II, and III (We'll experience the way toward comprehending this inquiry later in the guide) #3: The inquiry includes increasing or separating bases and types Types will consistently be a number that is situated higher than the primary (base) number: $4^3$, $(y^5)^2$ You might be solicited to discover the qualities from types or locate the new articulation once you have increased or partitioned terms with types. (We will experience the way toward settling this inquiry later in the guide) #4: The inquiry utilizes impeccable squares or pose to you to decrease a root esteem A root question will consistently include the root sign: √ $√36$, $^3√8$ The ACT may request that you decrease a root, or to locate the square foundation of an ideal square (a number that is equivalent to a whole number squared). You may likewise need to increase at least two roots together. We will experience these definitions just as how these procedures are done in the segment on roots. (We will experience the way toward explaining this inquiry later in the guide) (Note: A root question with immaculate squares may include parts. For more data on this idea, look to our guide on parts and proportions.) #5: The inquiry includes an outright worth condition (with numbers) Anything that is a flat out worth will be organized with total worth signs which resemble this: | For instance: $|-43|$ or $|z + 4|$ (We will experience how to tackle this issue later in the guide) Note: there are commonly two various types of supreme worth issues on the ACT-conditions and imbalances. About a fourth of the supreme worth inquiries you go over will include the utilization of imbalances (spoke to by or ). In the event that you are new to disparities, look at our manual for ACT imbalances (not far off!). Most of outright worth inquiries on the ACT will include a composed condition, either utilizing whole numbers or factors. These ought to be genuinely direct to comprehend once you become familiar with the intricate details of supreme qualities (and monitor your negative signs!), all of which we will cover beneath. We will, be that as it may, just spread composed outright worth conditions in this guide. Supreme worth inquiries with imbalances are canvassed in our manual for ACT disparities. We will experience these inquiries and points all through this guide in the request for most noteworthy commonness on the ACT. We guarantee that your way to cutting edge whole numbers won't take you 10 years or more to get past (taking a gander at you, Odysseus). Examples Example addresses will show up on each and every ACT, and you'll likely observe a type question at any rate twice per test. Regardless of whether you're being approached to duplicate types, isolate them, or take one example to another, you'll have to realize your type rules and definitions. An example demonstrates how often a number (called a â€Å"base†) must be increased without anyone else. So $3^2$ is a similar thing as saying 3*3. Also, $3^4$ is a similar thing as saying 3*3*3*3. Here, 3 is the base and 2 and 4 are the examples. You may likewise have a base to a negative type. This is a similar thing as saying: 1 partitioned by the base to the positive example. For instance, 4-3 becomes $1/{4^3}$ = $1/64$ Be that as it may, how would you increase or gap bases and types? Never dread! The following are the primary example decides that will be useful for you to know for the ACT. Example Formulas: Duplicating Numbers with Exponents: $x^a * x^b = x^[a + b]$ (Note: the bases must be the equivalent for this standard to apply) For what reason is this valid? Consider it utilizing genuine numbers. On the off chance that you have $3^2 * 3^4$, you have: (3*3)*(3*3*3*3) On the off chance that you check them, this give you 3 increased without anyone else multiple times, or $3^6$. So $3^2 * 3^4$ = $3^[2 + 4]$ = $3^6$. $x^a*y^a=(xy)^a$ (Note: the examples must be the equivalent for this standard to apply) For what reason is this valid? Consider it utilizing genuine numbers. In the event that you have $3^5*2^5$, you have: (3*3*3*3*3)*(2*2*2*2*2) = (3*2)*(3*2)*(3*2)*(3*2)*(3*2) So you have $(3*2)^5$, or $6^5$ On the off chance that $3^x*4^y=12^x$, what is y as far as x? ${1/2}x$ x 2x x+2 4x We can see here that the base of the last answer is 12 and $3 *4= 12$. We can likewise observe that the conclusive outcome, $12^x$, is taken to one of the first example esteems in the condition (x). This implies the examples must be equivalent, as at exactly that point would you be able to increase the bases and keep the type flawless. So our last answer is B, $y = x$ On the off chance that you were unsure about your answer, at that point plug in your own numbers for the factors. Suppose that $x = 2$ $32 * 4y = 122$ $9 * 4y = 144$ $4y = 16$ $y = 2$ Since we said that $x = 2$ and we found that $y = 2$, at that point $x = y$. So once more, our answer is B, y = x Isolating Exponents: ${x^a}/{x^b} = x^[a - b]$ (Note: the bases must be the equivalent for this standard to apply) For what reason is this valid? Consider it utilizing genuine numbers. ${3^6}/{3^4}$ can likewise be composed as: ${(3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 * 3)}/{(3 * 3 * 3 * 3)}$ In the event that you offset your last 3s, you’re left with (3 * 3), or $3^2$ So ${3^6}/{3^4}$ = $3^[6 - 4]$ = $3^2$ The above $(x * 10^y)$ is classified logical documentation and is a strategy for composing either enormous numbers or extremely little ones. You don't have to see how it functions so as to take care of this issue, in any case. Simply think about these as some other bases with examples. We have a specific number of hydrogen particles and the components of a container. We are searching for the quantity of atoms per one cubic centimeter, which implies we should isolate our hydrogen particles by our volume. So: $${8*10^12}/{4*10^4}$$ Take every segment independently. $8/4=2$, so we realize our answer is either G or H. Presently to finish it, we would state: $10^12/10^4=10^[12âˆ'4]=10^8$ Presently set up the pieces: $2x10^8$ So our full and last answer is H, there are $2x10^8$ hydrogen atoms per cubic centimeter in the crate. Taking Exponents to Exponents: $(x^a)^b=x^[a*b]$ For what reason is this valid? Consider it utilizing genuine numbers. $(3^2)^4$ can likewise be composed as: (3*3)*(3*3)*(3*3)*(3*3) On the off chance that you tally them, 3 is being duplicated without anyone else multiple times. So $(3^2)^4$=$3^[2*4]$=$3^8$ $(x^y)3=x^9$, what is the estimation of y? 2 3 6 10 12 Since examples taken to types are duplicated together, our concern would resemble: $y*3=9$ $y=3$ So our last answer is B, 3. Disseminating Exponents: $(x/y)^a = x^a/y^a$ For what reason is this valid? Consider it utilizing genuine numbers. $(3/4)^3$ can be composed as $(3/4)(3/4)(3/4)=9/64$ You could likewise say $3^3/4^3= 9/64$ $(xy)^z=x^z*y^z$ On the off chance that you are taking an altered base to the intensity of an example, you should disseminate that type across both the modifier and the base. $(2x)^3$=$2^3*x^3$ For this situation, we are conveying our external type across the two bits of the inward term. So: $3^3=27$ What's more, we can see this is a type taken to an example issue, so we should duplicate our types together. $x^[3*3]=x^9$ This implies our last answer is E, $27x^9$ What's more, in case you're unsure whether you have discovered the correct answer, you can generally test it out utilizing genuine numbers. Rather than utilizing a variable, x, let us supplant it with 2. $(3x^3)^3$ $(3*2^3)^3$ $(3*8)^3$ $24^3$ 13,824 Presently test which answer matches 13,824. We'll spare ourselves some time by testing E first. $27x^9$ $27*2^9$ $27*512$ 13,824 We have discovered a similar answer, so we know for sure that E must be right. (Note: while dispersing types, you may do as such with augmentation or division-examples don't convey over expansion or deduction. $(x+y)^a$ isn't $x^a+y^a$, for instance) Exceptional Exponents: It is regular for the ACT to ask you what happens when you have an example of 0: $x^0=1$ where x is any number aside from 0 (Why any number yet 0? Well 0 to any power other than 0 equivalents 0, in light of the fact that $0^x=0$. Furthermore, some other number to the intensity of 0 = 1. This makes $0^0$ unclear, as it could

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Campout for Tickets at Duke Fuqua

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Campout for Tickets at Duke Fuqua When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment, but are also making a commitment to a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. In early September, approximately 2,000 students from all the graduate programs at Duke University participate in Campout in hopes of winning the right to buy one of the approximately 700 graduate student season tickets to the Duke men’s basketball team’s home games at Cameron Indoor Stadium. (Undergraduates sit in different sections and have a separate ticket process.) Campout is one big lottery, but over the course of 36 hours, from Friday evening to Sunday midday, the numbers are whittled down through periodic checks. Monitors blow whistles to make sure that students are presentâ€"and awakeâ€"so as not to miss their chance to participate in the ticket lottery. More than 1,500 of the original 2,000 usually make it to the end and are entered in the lottery for the tickets. Students usually participate in Campout in groups to increase their chances of collectively winning a few season tickets and then, if successful, divvy up the actual games among the members of the group (i.e., eight students may win four season tickets, so each will get to attend about half the games). Many of these groups also rent trailers and bring tables for beer pong and video game stations, and come armed with grills, drinks, and music. “It’s like a long party,” a first-year student told mbaMission, “and it’s a great way to get to know students in other graduate programs.” Another first year echoed this sentiment, and selected Campout as the social highlight of his Fuqua experience thus far, describing for us the “huge tailgating atmosphere” and saying he had a “great time getting to know other students.” For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at Duke Fuqua and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Duke University (Fuqua)

How to Increase Club Room Free Essay Example, 2000 words

With regards to increasing sales, one of the first priorities should be to increase Club Room capacity, either by better use of the existing space; or by refurbishing one of the function rooms to use as a second Club Dining Room. However, possibly the best option, given that the Downs Carvery is taking less than half of the revenue of the Club Room, is to switch these two rooms around. This would give a Club Room with a capacity of 160, potentially doubling takings from Club Dining. Whilst the Carvery would be reduced to a capacity of 70, it should still be able to accommodate its patrons, as its prices are just over half that of the Club Room, but its food takings are less than half, indicating that it has fewer patrons than the Club Room. There are two potential hindrances to this plan. Firstly, the d cor may be very different in both of these rooms, and so it may not be straightforward to switch them around and may require refurbishment. Secondly, the distribution of visits to th e Carvey may not be even. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Increase Club Room or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page However, excessive price rises could harm the reputation of the new club owners, and lead to a member s backlash. Cutting costs is another potential option for increasing profitability however, in the short term, this would need to be done either by sourcing cheaper food and liquor or by reducing wages. Better sourcing tends to take time to implement, hence this would likely only have a minimal impact on the current year.

The Theory On Rainbow Formation And The Mechanics Of Them...

Rainbows and the mechanics of them have been studied since ancient times. Greek philosophers had some understanding of the role of refraction, scientists in the 13th century produced theories on rainbow formation, and in the 17th century, Rene Descartes sketched out the conditions required to observe a rainbow (Douma). There are two key aspects that affect a rainbow, and these include the altitude of the sun and the size of the raindrops. The colors of the rainbow are because of two basic facts: †¢ Sunlight is made up of the whole range of colors that the eye can detect. The range of sunlight colors, when combined, looks white to the eye. This property of sunlight was first demonstrated by Sir Isaac Newton in 1666. †¢ Light of different colors is refracted by different amounts when it passes from one medium (air, for example) into another (water or glass, for example) (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research). Determining whether or not the wavelengths will go through the raindrops or reflect depends on the angle that the light falls on the backside of the raindrop. Each rain droplet has a function in the formation of the rainbow. Sunlight enters the rain droplet at a specific angle and the rain droplet separates the white light into many different colors. This angle is a fixed measurement between your eye and the sun. What color that is refracted is dependent on the critical angle, the angle the sunlight strikes the back of the rain droplet (Mahlen). RedShow MoreRelatedA Rainbow, By Rene Descartes1743 Words   |  7 Pagesbe able to really discuss rainbows we have to know the mechanics of them, which has been studied since ancient times. Greek philosophers were aware of the role of reflection in forming a rainbow and had some understanding of the role of refraction. In the 13th century, scientists produced theories on rainbow formation, and in the 17th century, Rene Descartes sketched out the conditions required to observe a rainbow (Douma). There are two key aspects that affect a rainbow, and these include the altitudeRead MorePhysics in Daily Life13985 Words   |  56 Pagesissues. Wherever possible the subject content should be presented within a contemporary context relevant to the lives of students and within a historical context which illustrates how the scientific ideas were developed and the scientists who developed them. Aims To emphasize the importance of the process of scientific investigation as a means of solving problems in every day life; To contribute to the pupils’ general education by helping to make sense of the physical environment through scientific inquiry;Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesMexico City Mumbai Nairobi Sà £o Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Copyright  © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing ofRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Whetten, David A. (David Allred) Developing management skills /David A. Whetten, Kim S. Cameron.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index

High Blood Pressure And Heart Disease Essay - 1814 Words

United States(US) is most obese country in North America and has not taken effective measures to significantly dwindle down the obese or overweight population. Obesity is a condition where a person has built up body fat from food to the point where their weight can have negative effects on their health. Being overweight means a person weighs more than what is considered normal for the age, height and gender while being obese is a person having a Body Mass Index of over 30 pounds. If untreated the accumulated body fat can cause type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease, for this reason the United States must take effective action to tackle down the obese population. A common myth is that people become obese because they chose to eat junk food and refuse to eat little to no healthy food with no self-control of their eating habits. The real truth is fast food companies sell unhealthy foods cheaper than healthy foods resulting in low income families and people on a tight b udget to chose the cheaper food deal. The cheaper food deals combined with the rise of technology to make transportation easier than the 20th century and walking seem like a chore. The unfortunate phenomenon has made it the duty of the 18 to 25 year old, which from here on will be referred to as young adults, to set healthy examples for future generations while demanding that fast food businesses make healthy foods just as affordable as unhealthy food. Through human history exercise was justShow MoreRelatedCardiovascular Disease ( Cvd ), High Blood Pressure, Congestive Heart Failure1662 Words   |  7 PagesThis literature review will cover 20 different articles and journals pertaining to cardiovascular disease (CVD), high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, hypertension and other coronary heart disease among the Muslim community. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the decreasing of blood flow due to condensing and toughening of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle s. A recent study found that every 33 seconds, there are death from CVD in the United States (ARA, 2004). The main problemsRead MoreHeart Disease And Cardiovascular Disease1028 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity College Coleman Heart Disease Paper Julissa Diaz Ms. Williams ECRD 1211 Spring 2017 Diaz 2 Heart Disease Paper A heart disease or cardiovascular disease are problems such as, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure or arrhythmia. Our heart sends blood around our body and if we have any sort of failure with our hearts it will not transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body causing for a disease to start or occur. Some diseases come heredity but most canRead MoreEssay on Coronary Heart Disease1167 Words   |  5 PagesCoronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease occurs when the coronary arteries become partially blocked from, cholesterol and fat, circulating in the blood. This causes a build up inside the walls of the arteries. This only occurs if the levels of fat and cholesterol are extremely high in the blood that there is a greater chance that it will be deposited onto the artery walls. If the arteries become completely blocked, the patient will have a myocardial infarction,Read MoreThe Effects Of High Blood Pressure On The Heart1408 Words   |  6 Pages High blood pressure has many damaging effects on the heart. High blood pressure is known as a silent killer and if left untreated can cause serious damage to the heart. What causes high blood can differ from person to person. What causes this for some may be different with another. Genetics, diet, family history, weight, and use of salt are just some of the causes of high blood pressure. Some of the ways that high blood pressure damages the heart is through narrowing of the arteries in theRead MoreHigh Blood Pressure Is An Important Disease1584 Words   |  7 PagesHigh Blood Pressure High blood pressure is an important disease that we should all be aware off. We should be aware of it because even though we think we can’t get it, we can still potentially get it if we don’t take care of ourselves. Getting a better understanding of what this diseases can help ourselves and even our love ones to live a longer life. High blood pressure can be a silent killer if it’s not cured or detected. Even though it can be deadly, there are ways that it can be prevented. ThereRead MoreHigh Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease793 Words   |  3 PagesUrologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse provides information on the link between high blood pressure and kidney disease. The kidneys play a key role in keeping a persons blood pressure in a healthy range, and blood pressure, in turn, can affect the health of the kidneys. High blood pressure ¦can damage the kidneys and lead to chronic kidney disease (National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghous e n.d.). High blood pressure is the second leading cause of kidney disease (AmericanRead MoreLiving With Hypertension ( Htc )1161 Words   |  5 Pages HS200 Diseases of the Human Body Unit 4 Capstone Project Living With Hypertension Kaplan University August 19, 2014 Hypertension (HTC) also known as High Blood pressure,some even call the lifestyle disease. About 70 million adults and 2 million teens and childrenRead MoreYunkyung Eom. Professor Chad Hammett. English 1301 . April1471 Words   |  6 Pageshypertension (high blood pressure) is predicted to be 1.56 billion worldwide by the year 2025. In the US, around 75 million people have hypertension, with more people dying of hypertension-related cardiovascular disease than from the next three deadliest diseases combined. In 2011-2012 in the US, about a third of all people over the age of 20 years had hypertension, based on high blood pressure assessments and the number of people taking antihypertensive medications. What is hypertension (high bloodRead MoreHypertension: The Risks for High Blood Pressure Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pagesprevent hypertension. Hypertension is a common cardiovascular disease (Hoeger, 2009, p. 334). Hypertension is also referred to as â€Å"high blood pressure†. Blood pressure is a measurement of the force put on the walls of the arteries by the blood (About High Blood Pressure, 2011). The higher the pressure put on the walls of the arteries when the heart pumps the higher then individuals blood pressure will be. The pressure of the blood maybe be high (hypertensive) because of plaque build-up in the arteriesRead MoreThe Negative Side Effects Of Obesity On Human Body946 Words   |  4 Pagesthe problems that the world is facing nowadays. Obesity is a result of poor lifestyle and bad eating habits. Many people are suffering from the negative health consequences of obesity. In addition, many diseases are related to obesity such as heart diseases, high bl ood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and other health risks. If we do not solve the prob-lem by reducing the number of obese people and change the lifestyle to more healthier one as soon as possible, the problem will be arising. Therefore

Human Rights and World Wide Web free essay sample

These findings lend support to research showing a negative correlation between corporate social responsibility and profitability. Introduction We are witness to the metamorphosis of late capitalism, the interpenetration of postindustrialism with postmodern culture. Spectators (consumers and investors) are given only narrative fragments to construct worker and ecological stories from the vantage points of entry authored by corporate public relations. Corporate authorial-power becomes hegemonic as narrative plots script actions and perception in ways unseen or taken for granted. Consumers in the first world cannot see the ecological or work conditions because these locations are kept as strategic secrets. All one ever hears are stories directly authored by corporate interests acting as gatekeeper, authoring ventriloquist stories on behalf of workers and ecology. What is the relevance of this to Tamara? The play, Tamara, written by John Krizanc (1981, 1989) entraps us as spectators in a maze of story and character choices where our own complicity in civic responsibility stares back at us. Some characters have a voice and access to any spectators; others have either a weak voice or limited access. In Tamara Manifesto (Boje, 2001), there was a call to heed the interpenetration of postindustrialism and postmodern culture, the intertextuality of production, distribution, and consumption. Manguel (1988:1-2) gives us a starting definition of traditional theatrics: Theater, the representation of events as if they happened before your eyes begins with the convention of all spectacle: a division of reality. One space allotted to the audience, the passive viewer, seated to observe; another to the play, the actors, moving to perform. In one space theater, spectators and performers must follow the linear storyline of authorial authority and view the performance from the viewpoint the playwright has determined will be seen by the spectators. In Tamara, the barrier between spectator and actor spaces has been breeched; the spaces co-mingle and spectators become actors on many stages. My theory is that there are three divided spaces with narrators telling stories that connect them operating in a kind of Tamara interconnecting three theatrical spaces: 1. First, a consumptive space of spectators, the consumers and investors from the first world; 2. Second, a distributive space is reserved for performing executives, PR managers, and consultants, who mediate stories performed to the first space on behalf of those in a third space; 3. Third, a productive and ecological space, of the Third World where mostly young women toil and where environmental laws are more lax; workers and forests can not be seen or heard by those in the first space (and maybe not the second). We will look to see how in one industry (athletic apparel) spectators are given a few more choices, in what we call the Athletic Apparel Industry Tamara, to accompany whatever character and story they choose, masters or servants from country to country (or factory to showroom), knowing that there are simultaneous performances and they can not be in every place at one time. In short, consumers and investors rely upon the sharing of stories to construct their image of what is going on. Past examinations of the connection of storytelling and corporate strategy have focused on content analysis and a recent call has been to examine events or texts from a storytelling perspective (Barry Elmes, 1997). Some recent research recognizes that strategic orientations change over time (Black Farias, 2000) and/or may be simultaneously present (Ashmos, Duchan, McDaniel, 2000) and/or may be emergent (Mintzberg, 1987, 1990,1994; Mintzberg McHugh, 1985; Mintzberg Waters, 1985). Ways to determine changes in strategic orientation have included inference from actions (Grimm Smith, 1997) and the examination of archival documents, such as letters to shareholders (Landrum, 2000). We suggest that a more inclusive or Tamara approach is needed to show the complexity of forces that cause the ground to move. We assume there is something about the movement from a divided space in modern theater to the interpenetrating one of postmodern theater that makes Tamara a fit metaphor to analyze the Athletic Apparel Industry. In the past decades, the corporate forte was to sustain the modernist barrier between spaces, as in contemporary theater the spectators sat in their respective spaces and did not question the veracity of the performed narratives. In the last decade, as consumers and investors (first space) visited the stage themselves and entered the third space, or when the workers of the Third World were transported to the first one, then a more democratic theatrics of story production, distribution, and consumption became enacted on the global stage. The power of the corporate gatekeeper was dissolved. This study presumes that storytelling is useful in revealing corporate strategic orientation and in revealing when complexity forces changes and disrupts their orientations and postures. Stories are particularly useful in showing how individuals or corporations make sense of the world. Stories are sensemaking narratives of an organization (Boje, 1991, 1995; Czarniawska, 1998; Frye, 1957; Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach, Zilber, 1998; Riessman, 1993; White, 1973). To explore storytelling and strategy intertextuality, we review an industry context that has been changing drastically over the past decade. The athletic shoe industry was chosen because it is a mature industry and has undergone many changes since the 1980s, such as the movement toward overseas production, increasing globalization, and involvement of activists over labor and environmental issues (Choe, 1999; Shetty, 1996). But it is the decade of the 1990s that has seen the most turbulent and complex changes, and its two most active players have been Nike and Reebok. For example, in 1998 Corporate Watch decided to turn their Greenwash Award into a Sweatwash Award and gave the prize to the Fair Labor Association, newly created by the White House Apparel Industry Partnership. They stated that, The Association will have the power to grant companies the right to sew no sweat labels in their clothing in return for what labor activists fear will amount to cosmetic improvements in sweatshop conditions. (Light, 1998:1) Corporations led by Nike, Reebok, Liz Claiborne and Phillips-Van Heusen (then L. L. Bean and Patagonia) joined with some unknown human rights groups on the taskforce to propose the creation of the Fair Labor Association (FLA). The more radical contingent, UNITE, (the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees), the Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union, and the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility-were taskforce members who resigned their White House Apparel Partnership positions to protest the weak monitoring practices, no living wage and no right to organize provisions of the FLA. Sweatwash was a reaction to watching two decades of corporate environmentalism become a full court PR press with slick advertising to present a green corporate image to the global stage while co-opting both the human and environmental rights movements. UNITE (1998) argues the FLA was created by a subgroup of the White House task force, consisting mostly of industry representatives from companies such as Nike, Reebok and Liz Claiborne and a few human rights groups. The FLA Clean Clothes/ No Sweat tag was the next industry strategy to mollify consumer and investors who were hearing more stories of exploitation; corporations feared their public image was tarnished by increased activism. In 1998, Nike announced plans to phase out PVC plastics in its shoes and other products and painted its web sites with plans to certify all of its 600 subcontract factories in IS014000 environmental standards. (This followed the 1997 release of the Ernst Young audit showing violations of Vietnamese environmental laws. Reebok, on the other hand, uses part of its advertising budget to give out Human Rights Awards (since 1992), while pretending to consumers and investors its products are `Made in the USA rather than being mostly made in China. Both firms did not just become enlightened one day to environmentalism and human rights, they are responding to public opinion and to amateur actors who are taking the global stage, entering the board room and shareh older meeting asking for independent monitoring of corporate claims (Introductory Guide To Unplugging Corporations, 2001). This study will examine the letters to shareholders of the top two firms in this industry, Nike and Reebok, to trace their environmental and social responsibility rhetoric (Landrum, 2000). To focus exclusively on the environmental and social responsibility narratives, we review Bojes (1999) model and classify the rhetoric in the letters to shareholders following his classification system. We follow with examples of Nike and Reeboks use of each type of rhetoric in their letters, showing the frequency of use of each type of rhetoric, and making some observations regarding Nike and Reeboks environmental and social responsibility rhetoric. Rhetoric in Use Boje (1999) offers a model to classify the environmental and social responsibility rhetoric of corporations. He identifies classifications ranging from a denial of responsibility for environmental and social problems to the embracing of green goals as central to the mission of the organization. These levels of response are: Denial Response One, the first response, is Denial. In Denial, the company denies accusations and ignores problems in their environmental and labor practices. Our hypothesis is that this can work when the three theatrical spaces remain bounded and divided, so that only the corporate executive or PR staff mediates what is going on to the other two spaces. In the Nike (1990-1999) and Reebok (1990-1999) letters, we looked for evidence of denial of problems or for evidence of ignoring problems related to environmental and labor practices. Nike Denial This section will provide some examples of passages coded within the Denial genre of environmental and social responsibility rhetoric. We offer our rationale for coding the passage within this genre. In the following 1994 passage, Nike chooses to criticize the media for their coverage of Nike problems. I coded this passage as denial since Nike refuses to acknowledge the problems that have been exposed by the media. 118: The blinder mentality is bad enough when judging the business world, but 119: it is characteristic of a more serious virus that is affecting the 120: coverage (or non-coverage) of significant cultural and political 121: stories. The sad truth is, as television news in general, and CNN in 122: particular, becomes ncreasingly invested in our lives, the print media 123: are pushed to greater extremes, forced to choose survival over 124: integrity, the most entertaining story over the real story, until we 125: come to this: The New York Times reduced to Vecsey on NIKE. The following passage from the 1995 Nike letter shows Nike again criticizing the media and Wall Street for failing to recognize Nike as a sound investment. Nike neglects to make any mention of the parti cular media exposes that have uncovered Nikes poor labor practices; thus, I have coded the passage as denial. 8: This brings us back to my frustration and, I am sad to say, the 89: futility of this document. It simply does not matter what we say in 90: words or put in numbers in the annual report. This poor little binder 91: is simply overwhelmed by electronic and print sound bites, or ignored 92: by the show biz-oriented media who convey a point of view in conflict 93: with sound investment. 94: 95: As Director John Jaqua says, This has reached the point of 96: ridicularity. 97: 98: So how, in that world, can you understand the who, what, when, where 99: and why of any company, especially one as controversial as NIKE? 00: 101: The sad answer: Cant really. It would be easy if we could bring 102: everybody to the NIKE Campus, or take everybody to 103: the Final Four, or the Olympic Trials, or the World Cup, or a Nebraska 104: high school football game, or a pick-up game on 125th Str eet. Thats 105: the world NIKE lives in. But, we cant do that. 106: 107: Instead, well send our managers back to do what they do: develop and 108: grow the best global company possible, and let the hurricane of media 109: hype blow on around us. The following Nike 1996 passage blames the media for blasting their overseas practices. Even though they have finally acknowledged this particular problem exposed by the media, they choose not to discuss it within the letter to shareholders or within the body of the annual report. Still, Nike did publish a 10-page supplement defending Nikes position; however, it only further exemplifies their denial of the problem. 9: Yet no sooner had the great year ended than we were hit by a series of 10: blasts from the media about our practices overseas. 11: 12: So I sat with a dilemma: Use this space to answer our critics 13: isrepresentations, which would leave little room for anything else, or 14: try to give our owners the bigger picture of their company. 15: 16: I decided to do the latter with, like Roger Maris home run record, an 17: asterisk. We answer the overseas questions in a supplement that is 18: included in the annual report mailing. The following 1997 Nike passage continues to suggest that Nike is failing to acknowledge the problems associated with their overseas lab or practices despite the fact that they have been repeatedly detailed in the media. 3: To do that, I first have to take a second to talk about the filter 34: obstacle, that haze we have to fight through to explain what goes on 35: around this company. 36: 37: NIKE (and the entire industry) tends to be a bit misunderstood. The 38: media prefer to treat us all as the entertainment portion of the 39: business world. So, they feel free to exaggerate, to interpret, to 40: extrapolate. To say they are prone to hyperbole would be an 41: understatement. To say that is how they make their living would not. Reebok Denial No Reebok letters were coded in this category. Green Gloss/Green Wash Response Two is Green Gloss or Green Wash. During this phase, the company launches public relations campaigns to counteract negative publicity or accusations of activists. Nike Green Gloss/Green Wash In the following 1998 Nike excerpt, the company finally begins to acknowledge that labor practices are affecting their bottom line; however, I view this acknowledgment as more of an effort to discontinue denial and patronize the public rather than to make a meaningful effort to change the situation. 24: So, what knocked us down in 1998? 25: 26: Asia brown shoes labor practices resignations ayoffs 27: boring ads. Also, we have been criticized for our headquarters 28: expansion. But understand this: We need a much bigger place to house 29: all our troubles. I have also coded the 1997 Nike passage, mentioned previously (lines 33-41), as another example of green gloss/green wash. The companys defense of themselves in a 10-page supplement not only represented a denial of the problem, but also a public relations effort to justify their practices. Reebok Green Gloss/Green Wash No Reebok letters were coded in this category. Strategic Awareness Response Three is Strategic Awareness. During this phase, there is minimal compliance yet awareness exists of the need for change. Nike Strategic Awareness In the following 1998 Nike passage, the company suggests that the media is slowly becoming more knowledgeable of its questionable overseas labor practices. However, this ostensible change in media attitude is due to the fact that Nike has put forth a good-faith effort to improve their labor practices, and in turn, the media has simply begun to report these changes. 93: On our labor practices: Our friends in the media are slowly becoming 94: more knowledgeable. This is good. It means that consumers are 95: actually getting informed rather than just alarmed. This, too, will 96: take time. Meanwhile, the contrasts between us and our competitors and 97: other companies in the needle trade will show more each year. The following 1998 Nike passage suggests that it realizes that Americans are aware of their overseas practices, and accordingly, that Nike should be credited for this shift in public consciousness. 99: There is an interesting relationship going on between the Asia economic 100: crisis and the labor practices issue, which would take many chairmans [sic] 101: letters to cover. Instead, let me cut straight to the moral of the 102: story: It is simply not acceptable for America to continue to be 103: moated Reebok Strategic Awareness No Reebok letters were in this category. Strategic Acquisition Response Four is Strategic Acquisition, or a voluntary move toward environmental audits and social responsibility. Although Nike makes no mention of their environmental audits, 1997 marked their first voluntary, environmental audit and was conducted by Ernst Young. Nike Strategic Acquisition No Nike letters were coded in this category. Reebok Strategic Acquisition Throughout their letters, Reebok makes reference to the fact that they seek to help make a better world and to make a difference. This is evidenced by the following passages from 1990 (lines 47-48) and 1991 (lines 59-60). The company has made a voluntary movement toward being socially responsible. 47: a high level of consciousness and a sense of responsibility to help 48: make a better world. 59: to make a difference for our consumers 60: and ourselves. Flagship Implementation Response Five is Flagship Implementation, in which the firm makes proactive moves to change their core mission and to include green goals. Nike Flagship Implementation No Nike letters were in this category. Reebok Flagship Implementation In the following passages, Reebok makes mention of the various programs and initiatives they started in order to become a socially responsible company. 1992 60: Our push for success, however, has not lessened our desire to make a 61: difference in the larger world. Reebok is unique in its dedication to 62: human rights. Through our Human Rights Awards Program, which just com 63: pleted its fifth year, we strive to bring attention to young people 64: around the world who advance the cause of human rights. This year, 65: through a grant from The Reebok Foundation, a new human rights program 66: began. WITNESS, a program providing video cameras, facsimile machines 67: and computers to human rights organizations, allows human rights acti 68: vists to document abuses of justice for the world to see. 1993 61: Finally, let us note that the aspirations of Reebok extend beyond the 62: bottom line. Our commitment to the pursuit of human rights continues. 3: Once again, we recognized brave young people for their stand on human 64: rights one each from Belgium, Brazil, Egypt, and the United States. 65: Our Reebok Foundation helped inner city young people in United States 66: urban areas. Our Human Rights Production Standards, in place throughout 67: the world, helped assure that workers manufacturing Reebok pr oducts 68: benefited from quality conditions and fair labor practices. 1994 117: Another dimension of Reebok that enhances our global brand image is our 118: goal to be in the forefront of the corporate movement toward social 19: responsibility. We are the acknowledged corporate leader in promoting 120: human rights. Young people around the world, we believe look to 121: companies that stand for more than their great products. We 122: established the Reebok Human Rights Awards program in 1988, and we 123: continue to support it. This commitment led us to establish the Reebok 124: Human Rights Production Standards, through which we strive to improve 125: labor practices in overseas factories that make our products. This 126: commitment also is why we are working to make products that are 127: environmentally sound. We believe that companies should stand for 128: something. We believe our brand should stand for something. Personal 129: athletic achievement is a powerful message, but it is not enough on its 130: own. Reebok does stand for something, and as a result a new generation 131: of young people are able to see that a company can be a source not only 132: of exciting products, but of social good. 1996 55: Our Company continued its long-held commitment to human rights with the 56: Ninth Annual Human Rights Awards in 1996, honoring young activists in 57: their struggle for human rights around the world. Our efforts in this 58: area extend beyond this recognition program and include our 59: establishment in 1992 of human rights production standards that we hold 60: our factories accountable to follow. Most recently, in 1996 in 61: response to the problem of child labor widely utilized in the stitching 62: of soccer balls, we entered into an agreement with our supplier to 63: build a soccer ball manufacturing facility in Pakistan that will allow 64: us to guarantee that all Reebok soccer balls will be made without the 65: rise of child labor. 148: we will continue to focus our efforts 49: on making a difference to our customers to our employees and to our 150: shareholders. 1998 42: I believe that the values that Reebok International stands for 43: as a company are precisely those values that consumers are looking for in todays marketplace. 84: One of the crucial elements of this plan is the repositioning of Reebok Unlimited based on the 85: concept of humanity. Actually, this is not so much of a repositioning as a rediscovery of the 86: values of creativity, free-spiritedness and individualism that we have always represented as a 87: company, but have deviated from recently in our advertising and marketing. Based on a return 88: to these universal human values, we believe Reebok Unlimited is in a unique position to appeal 89: to both the authentic performance and casual lifestyle markets at the same time. Table 1 Table 2: Figure One: Frequency of the use of environmental narratives by Nike and Reebok over the tenyear period, 1990 to 1999 134: WE STAND FOR DOING THE RIGHT THING. 135: 136: Over the past year, a lot has been written about our industry and the issue of human rights. 137: We have been a leader in this area for more than a decade. Running a company involves a lot 138: more than crunching numbers and whatever else gets in your way. It involves a commitment 139: of equal respect and fair treatment for all people. Simply put, this is the Reebok way. It will 140: always be the Reebok way. As concern for human rights issues grows among consumers 141: particularly younger consumers we believe our leadership and reputation will translate into 142: greater preference for our brands and products. Although Nike makes little mention of their environmental practices, labor practices, or social responsibility, those passages included in the letters primarily engage in denial, green gloss, and strategic awareness rhetorical styles. Nikes main response mode during the 1990s was denial. Reebok, on the other hand, mentioned their social responsibility efforts in many of their letters and were primarily engaged in strategic acquisition and flagship implementation rhetoric. Reeboks main response mode was flagship implementation. The companies were at opposite ends of the spectrum in their primary response mode during the 1990s. Both companies, however, were engaged in poor labor practices in their overseas operations (Baskin, 1996; Ernst Young, 1997; Fireman, 1999; Manning, 1997a-g; Nguyen, 1997; Reebok, 1999). The difference is that Nike was denying the problems while Reebok was trying to be open about the problems and address them. Interestingly, we can conclude that being socially responsible and environmentally aware did not result in increased market share or profitability for Reebok. They continued to lose sales and market share throughout the 1990s (Figures 4 and 5). Reebok expected that their social responsibility stance would differentiate them from the competition. Rather, research and development and marketing are key success factors for this industry and Nike outperforms Reebok in both areas. Conclusion Boje (1999) puts forth a model of stages of environmental and social responsibility rhetoric. He suggests that rhetoric falls somewhere in a continuum ranging from Denial to Flagship Implementation. On one end of this continuum, companies may deny any responsibility for or ownership of their negative actions. The next stage of this continuum reflects rhetoric that glosses over issues and uses public relations campaigns in response to negative publicity. The third stage of Bojes (1999) continuum is rhetoric that acknowledges a need for change and puts forth gestures of minimal compliance. The fourth stage on this continuum is rhetoric that shows voluntary movement toward social responsibility and the last stage on the continuum is flagship implementation of environmental practices and embracing social responsibility. This article has shown that rhetoric is a useful way in which to understand and interpret a companys strategy. We have shown a more penetrating, or Tamara, view of the rhetoric of the athletic apparel industry leaders. Through analysis of letters to shareholders of Nike and Reebok over a ten-year period, we have shown Nike and Reeboks use of environmental and social responsibility rhetoric. The results show that Nike has engaged in Denial as their primary rhetorical style and Reebok has engaged in Flagship Implementation as their primary rhetorical style. The companies are at opposite extremes of this continuum. In spite of Nikes denial and Reeboks engagement of social responsibility, Nike revenues have skyrocketed and Reebok sales have plummeted (Figure 4). Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. If rhetoric indeed reveals strategy, these findings suggest that social responsibility and profits are negatively correlated for these two companies. In both Figures 2 and 3, we see the frequency of nvironmental and social responsibility rhetoric used by both companies increased. Nike engaged in rhetoric on the negative end of the continuum, suggesting denial of social responsibility; Reebok engaged in rhetoric on the positive end of the continuum, suggesting implementation of social responsibility. Also near this time, revenues and market share of both companies began to move in a dire ction negatively correlated with the level of social responsibility (Figures 4 and 5). The empirical evidence has been mixed on the relationship between corporate financial performance and social performance. Some researchers (Preston OBannon, 1997; Roman, Hayibor, Agle, 1999) have found a positive relationship between corporate social performance and financial performance and other researchers (Ingram and Frazier, 1983; Freedman and Jaggi, 1982) have found a negative relationship. In the case of negative correlations between financial performance and social performance, it is argued that the costs associated with social responsibility put the firm in an unfavorable financial position compared to firms that are not socially responsible (Aupperle, Carroll, Hatfield, 1985). Clearly the relationship between corporate financial performance and social performance is not fully understood. Nonetheless, rhetorical analysis is a useful postmodern tool in revealing a companys strategy and in revealing when changes or shifts in strategy occur. Figure 5 [Reference] REFERENCES Retrieved May 28, 2000, from the World Wide Web: http:// www. netadvantage. standardpoor. com/netahtml/ IndSur/apf/apf_0999. htm Czarniawska, B. (1998). A narrative approach to organization studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. [Reference] Ernst Young (1997, January 6). Environmental and labor practice audit. 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