Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Language processing capacities and learning abilities Dissertation

Language processing capacities and learning abilities - Dissertation Example Lust and Foley (2004) indicate that the rapid progress in the field of L1 acquisition, combined with the challenge of increasingly interdisciplinary literature, has turned into an overwhelming challenge to all scholars in the field. Their volume contains research into the philosophy and science of language acquisition. Articles include discoveries about the way children acquire abstract systems combining discrete symbolic elements in a language. Lust and Foley’s selected readings have an emphasis on linguistic theory, and they assert that theoretical positions in the field have often become polarized. Theoretical disputes are interpreted as a sign of vitality in the field.Johnson (2004) focuses on a review of traditional cognitive approaches to second language acquisition research, and offers a more sociocultural perspective. Her work reviews behaviorist, cognitivist, and information processing approaches to SLA. The author makes an overview of Vygotsky’s theory, includ ing discussion of inter- and intrapersonal interaction, the proximal development zone, and the role of language in mental processes development. She emphasizes the need to explore local second language ability, in terms of social environment, local genres, and institutional contexts.Bialystok et al. (2008) performed two studies to investigate lexical access in bilinguals. In the first one, monolinguals performed better than bilinguals on tests of naming and letter fluency, but not on category fluency. No differences existed with regard to vocabulary size

Monday, October 28, 2019

Energy Resource Challenges Essay Example for Free

Energy Resource Challenges Essay Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources, such as sunlight, wind, and biomass fermentation. These alternative energies do not harm the environment or wear out natural resources. In fact, these exploitable energies are derived from sources that have the capacity to replenish themselves, thus depicting them as infinite energy. Renewable energy is also identified as clean or green energy because it does not generate pollutants or toxins that are dangerous to the environment. The major obstacle to wind energy use and management is the present insufficiency of transmission systems that distribute electricity from the best resource sites in isolated areas to where it will be used in metropolitan areas. For solar energy, attempting to seize sun rays over a wide area can be very difficult. In addition, the energy in any given place will vary because of weather and cloud conditions. For biomass fermentation, the foremost challenge occurs when a minute level of greenhouse gases are produced through the process of generating the energy. Moreover, extensive crop production will require vast areas of water and land, indicating significant problems. Another renewable energy is the hydro power energy, which is produced by using of electric generators that extract energy from water current (AEoogle). Streams and rivers are conveyed through hydro generators to produce energy, even though there are unfavorable consequences in so far as the environment is concerned. Nonrenewable energy, in contrast, is energy generated through burning of fossil fuels, such as oil, coal and natural gas. Nonrenewable energy resources cause pollution through the emissions of greenhouse gases. Nonrenewable energy will eventually run out if they are continuously used, given that there are only limited resources of fossil fuels on the planet. In addition, nuclear fuels cause waste materials that are dangerous to human and to the environment. Reference AEoogle. (n. d. ). Hydro Power. Retrieved February 20, 2009, from http://www. alternative-energy-news. info/technology/hydro/

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Strains on Partnership Arrangements in Business :: Business Ownership

a. Collaboration's importance to partners—One partner may give more management attention to a collaborative arrangement than the other does. a. If things go wrong, the active partner blames the less-active partner for its lack of attention, and the less-active partner blames the more active partner for making poor decisions. The difference in attention may be due to the different sizes of partners. b. Differing objectives—Although companies enter into collaborative arrangements because they have complementary capabilities, their objectives may evolve differently over time. For instance, one partner may want to reinvest earnings for growth and the other may want to receive dividends. One partner may want to expand the product line and sales territory, and the other may see this as competition with its wholly owned operations. A partner may wish to sell or buy from the venture, and the other partner may disagree with the prices. c. Control problems—By sharing the assets with another company, one company may lose some control of the extent or quality of the assets' use. When no single company has control of a collaborative arrangement, the operation may lack direction. Studies show that when two or more partners attempt to share in an operation's management, failure is much more likely than when one partner dominates. However, the dominating partner must consider the other company's interests. For this reason, studies also show that joint ventures with an even split in ownership are likely to succeed because the financial ownership ensures that management will consider both partners' interests. d. Partners' contributions and appropriations—One partner's capability of contributing technology, capital, or some other asset may diminish compared to its partner's capability over time. In almost all collaborative arrangements, there is a danger that one partner will use the other partner's contributed assets, enabling it to become a competitor. e. Differences in culture—Companies with different cultures differ in how they evaluate the success of their operations.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Dignitatis Humanae

The issue of religious freedom from a Catholic viewpoint has always been controversial, since Catholicism is not only seen as a religion, in the historical sense, but also a great force in the political structure in the past. Dignitatis Humanae came about when the Vatican Council II faced conflicts on what model of religious freedom was to be put before the Council. Traditionalists called for religious tolerance but claimed that an abstract right to religious liberty was relativistic or simply some aspects of religious liberty are dependent on different factors and cannot attain a definite standpoint.The declaration was largely drawn from the first draft â€Å"Unity† by Cardinal Bea, the draft was part of the schema on ecumenism. These conflicts were encountered during the first session of the council. On the second session of the Council, conflict over a possible declaration on religious freedom continued. Materials used by various bishops were mainly from John Courtney Murra y’s draft. The conflict moved from arguments over the content to whether it would be voted on before the Council ends. During the third session, Declaration on Religious Liberty was approved by Theological Commission.There was an appeal that certain voting be held on the third session but the Pope decided that it be moved to the next session. The final vote was taken and promulgated on the fourth session. Many issues were raised before the voting but the Declaration’s statement of development was a key issue. There were attempts to delay the voting again, arguing that support for the current text was uncertain. The declaration was approved on October 25, 1965 with only minor amendments and was promulgated December 7 of the same year.Religious freedom is vital to man’s life, it is not just for Catholics but for all. Dignitatis Humanae is a declaration which focuses on how religious can be attained in a secular world. It’s a declaration on how different sec tors such as the government, the Church, and even individuals should interact, not just to achieve order but to elevate human dignity. In elevating human dignity, universal justice is not difficult to attain. The heart of Dignitatis Humanae is religious freedom based on human dignity through reason and divine revelation.Human dignity here means man’s very value, his nature and right to reason and his free will. Human dignity entails, since men are impelled by nature and bound by moral obligations, the search for truth, religious truth in particular. Once truth is known, man is to adhere to it and order his life in accord to its demands. The declaration points out however, that men cannot do these obligations unless they enjoy immunity from external coercion and psychological freedom. Religious freedom as a right has its foundations not in the subjective or relativistic disposition but in man’s very nature.The right to immunity does not only apply to those who adhere to the truth but even to those who do not live up to their obligation to seek for the truth, provided that just public order be observed. The declaration states that in all his activity, a man is bound to follow his conscience in order that he may come to God, and it follows that he is not to be forced to act against his conscience nor restrained from acting according to his conscience, especially when it comes to religious matters. The reason for this is that the exercise of religion consists in internal, voluntary, and free acts where man sets his life toward God.Going to the social nature of man, the declaration states that it is required that he should give external expression to his internal acts of religion: that he should profess his religion in community. Injury, as the declaration puts it, is done to the human person and to the order established by God for human life, if the free exercise of religion is denied in society, provided just order is observed. The role of the famil y, since it is a society in its own original right, has the right to freely live its own domestic religious life under the guidance of parents.Parents are given the right to determine the kind of religious education their children are to receive. As for the government, it must recognize the right of parents to make a free choice of schools and of other means of education. The rights of parents are simply violated if their children are forced to attend instructions which are not in agreement with their religious beliefs. The government should also help create conditions favorable to the fostering of religious life, to enable people to exercise their religious rights and duties, and also that the society may profit by the moral qualities of justice and peace.The care of the right to religious freedom (devolves) upon the whole citizenry, upon social groups, upon government, and upon the Church and other religious communities. Lastly, the government’s role is to see to it that eq uality of citizens before the law is not violated. Clearly, a wrong is committed when government imposes upon its people, by force or fear or other means. The declaration further states that all the more is it a violation of the will of God and the sacred rights of the person and the family of nations when force is brought to bear in any way in order to destroy religion.The right to religious freedom and its practice is subject to certain regulatory norms. In the use of all freedoms, the moral principle of both personal and social responsibility must be observed. In the exercise of their rights, individual men and social groups are bound by the moral law to have respect for the rights of others and for their own duties. In attaining religious freedom in the society, men are to deal with their fellows in justice and civility. Dignitatis Humanae is one way of proving that Catholicism is not a religion of coercion but a religion of freedom and human dignity.One of the major tenets of C atholic doctrine that man’s response to God in faith must be out of freedom or simply putting it, embracing the Christian faith is not be forced against man’s will. The means of attaining religious freedom or the very expression of it should be an imitation of how Christ taught by word and example. Christ converted men to faith not through coercion but by the power of evangelization. Christ, in His time also acknowledged the power of government and its rights. The Church is following the way of Christ in faithfulness to the truth of the Gospel.Dignitatis Humanae should serve as a guide to the Catholic laity especially in its mission of evangelization, proclaiming the Gospel and the faith itself should not be imposed to non-Catholics or non-Christians. As the declaration states, ‘†¦ where the principle of religious freedom is not only proclaimed in words or simply incorporated in law but also given sincere and practical application, there the Church succeeds in achieving a stable situation of right as well as of fact and the independence which is necessary for the fulfillment of her divine mission. ’

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Kant Ethics Essay

Introduction Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher born in 1724 and died in 1804. He is considered one of the most influential people on modern philosophy for his intensive research in the subject. This paper will discuss various articles written by Kant and analyze his thoughts on deeds that are right and deeds that are morally wrong. It will finally discuss importance of motives and duty of morality as illustrated by Kant’s work. Discussion Kant believed that there is no good that can emerge from the world apart from a good will (Kant, 1998). He said that without good will, qualities that are good and desirable become useless. This is because the person yielding these qualities may at times lack the fundamental will to implement and portray them. He called this lack of good will as bad character. He continued to say that when good will is not present, then Power, honor, health and the overall welfare, contentment and happiness will usually mess with the mind of the person and they will start pretending and believing lies created in their mind. Good will, according to Kant, can be facilitated by application of various qualities. However, these qualities may have no inherent absolute value, but constantly presume a good will, which succeeds the esteem that we simply have for them, not permitting us to consider them as extremely good. He attempted to identify the primary maxims of motives, which people are required to achieve. Kant did not base his opinions on claims about any subjective perception of the good, preferences, moral beliefs or regularly shared desires that people may have. Kant also recognized good will as the only absolute good; he refused to accept that the notion of good will could be established by referring to a tangible good. He believed that nothing could be a moral principle, if it was not initially a principle for everyone. According to Kant, morality starts with the denial of non-globalized principles. This idea was devised as a demand, which Kant termed as the Moral Law. He grouped the maxims in a manner that mediators could refer as â€Å"acting on the only adage that one can, and likewise will, just like an international law†. To clarify the point, Kant gave an example of an agent who gives false promises. He adds to this by saying that the agent’s action in this case does not fit to be termed as an international law. He explains that if the agent was hypothetical, then he would take part in the final outcome and this would make him stop his behavior of giving false promises (Kant, 2009). It is therefore clear that the principle of giving false promises cannot be categorized under universally shared principles. According to Kant, the principle of repudiating false promises is vital and the maxim of giving false morally forbidden. Kant is different from many utilitarian’s who regard false promises as wrong due to their adverse effects. He considers this principle as wrong since it cannot be used internationally. Kant identified two ethical modes of assessment, one of them being the fact that human beings have a high probability of evaluating the maxims adopted by agents. He asserted that if human beings had the capacity of evaluating such maxims, then principles with moral worth would come into being, since humans could decline immoral principles. He stated, â€Å"Those who accept principles that are not universal, have principles that are morally unworthy†. He considered those holding morally worth policies as working out of duty and said that human beings lack knowledge concerning the maxims of one another. Kant added to this by saying that people usually deduce the underlying principles or maxims of agents from the pattern of their actions, though no pattern identifies a unique principle. He gave the example of a genuinely honest shopkeeper by saying that his actions are not different from those of a shopkeeper who is reluctantly honest. Kant said that both shopkeepers deal justly out of an aspiration for a good reputation in business and would cheat if given the opportunity. Thus for common reasons, human beings usually do more than is of their concern with outer compliance to principles of duty, instead of paying attention to claims that an action was done out of such a principle. Kant discussed the relationship between principles of morality and people’s real inclinations and desires (Mac Intyre, 1981). He built the political insinuations of Categorical Imperative, which consists of constitution of the republic and value for freedom, particularly of speech and religion. He linked this with individual happiness which according to him can indirectly be viewed as an obligation. This is because one’s dissatisfaction with the wants of another might turn out to be a great lure to the wrongdoing of duty (O’Neill, 1991). He viewed this from another perspective and claimed that most men possess the strongest tendency to happiness. At this point, Kant gave the example of a gouty patient, who can make a choice of what he likes, and endure whatever suffering that comes with it. If he does this, he does not forego enjoying the present time to a probably wrong expectation of happiness believed to be experienced in good health (Kant, 1994). Kant states that, â€Å"an action from duty has its moral worth not in the aim that is supposed to be attained by it, but rather in the maxim in accordance with which it is resolved upon; thus that worth depends not on the actuality of the object of the action but merely on the principle of the volition† (O’Neill, 1991). The moral worth of a deed does not lie in the result anticipated from it, nor in the action or maxim which needs to make use of its intention from the expected result. In relation to the discussed effects, the endorsement of other people’s happiness could be caused by other reasons (Beck, 1960). Conclusion Significance of motives and the role of duty in morality Motives can either be of good or bad intentions. They often influence one’s roles of duty. The morality of duty is relative to the law and is therefore compared to the morality of religion. It, therefore, does not criticize man for not making full use of his life or by not doing good. He states that, â€Å"There is nothing possible to think of anywhere in the world, or indeed anything at all outside it, that can be held to be good without limitation, excepting only a good will† (O’Neill, 1991). Instead, it criticizes man for not respecting the fundamental principles and necessities required in life. A good example is the moral rule that man should not kill, since this does not have much to do with aspiration but the recognition that if one kills, he has not realized his duty of morality. I do not agree with Kant on the importance of motives and the role of duty in morality. This is because Kant only points out principles of ethics, but the same principles are so abstract that they can’t guide motives. Thus, his theory of the role of duty in morality is not motivating. He does not also give a full set of instructions to be followed. Kant lays emphasis on the appliance of maxims to cases that involve deliberation and judgment. He does insist that maxims must be abstract which can only guide individual decisions. The moral life is all about finding ways of good motives that meet all the obligations and breach no moral prohibitions. There is no procedure for identifying any motives. However, the role of duty in morality begins by ensuring that the precise acts that people bear in mind are not in line with deeds on principles of duty. References Beck, L. W. (1960). A Commentary on Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kant, I. (1998). Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kant, I. (2009). Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. London: Thomas Kings mill Abbot. Kant, I. (1994). On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. O’Neill, O. (1991). Kantian Ethics. In A Companion to Ethics. Blackwell: Oxford. MacIntyre, A. (1981). After Virtue. London: Duckworth.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Improve Your Business Writing Skills (A Step-by-Step Guide)

Improve Your Business Writing Skills (A Step-by-Step Guide) It can be confusing when we either realize or are told that we need to â€Å"improve our business writing skills.† â€Å"Better business writing" is a murky goal. How then, do we improve our business writing skills? In this post, I am going to outline six steps to start improving your Englishbusiness writing today.This goes beyond business writing tips and tricks and lays out a simple step-by-step process for improvement. You will learn how to correct common mistakes, tricks for better formatting, and how to reduce errors in your writing. 1. Remove the Emotions We can feel a little hurt or defensive any time a weakness is highlighted. Many clients have told me that writing was not something they enjoyed in school and memories of a mean English teacher with a red pen poised to slash an essay apart is still vivid. For others, even though they enjoyed writing in school, they realize that business writing is a somewhat different skill than academic writing. Whatever the emotional response, let it go. The truth is everyone needs to write well at work to succeed. If we’re good at, our careers opportunities improve. Turning your attention to improving your busines writing is all good! Let go of any negative emotions and focus on the career benefit and ease of knowing exactly how to tackle the task of better writing at work. 2. Identify Your Particular Weaknesses and Strengths This can be challenging if the only feedback we have received is we â€Å"need to improve.† Where to begin? There are so many embedded skills in business writing, so it’s important to understand what is working and what needs improvement. There are three essential metrics for business writing: Separate the information/substance/content of a document from the words that express that information/substance/content. There is the information, and there are the words that express that information. We have to look at these separately to identify strengths and weaknesses. Reflect on the information contained in your typical documents. Do your readers have the information they need? Is it logically grouped? Does it flow logically? This is the information or substance of your document. Reflect on the words you use to express the information. This is the syntax, or the way you use words. For a deeper analysis of this issue, read Improve Business Writing Skills to Measure What Matters. While it’s possible to review your business writing skills, it’s hard to be truly objective because we know the facts of our documents so well and we understand what we are trying to express. A professional business writing assessment, which should always be part of a good business writing course is always the best measurement. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, '39de76fa-b005-4d0a-9136-a9a423513681', {}); 3. Review and Correct Your Information and Organization First One of my grandmother’s favorite expressions was â€Å"that’s just putting lipstick on a pig† when someone tried to improve or polish something that was innately flawed. Trying to fix the language and words in your business documents before the information and substance is accurate, relevant, and well organized is just like putting lipstick on a pig. Sentence improvements will never fix gaps in content or disorganization. Review several documents you’ve written at work lately. Review varying types of documents and include email and reports. To hone good information and organization: Define your audience clearly Overtly state the purpose of a document - â€Å"I need my audience to know or do X.† Decide on the major categories of information necessary for your defined reader to know or do what you want. Develop details around these major categories of information. Sequence the information logically. What category would lead best and what category should close? Remember the acronym B.L.O.T - bottom line on top. 90% of business documents should begin with the information most important to your audience. This beginning statement should be the purpose statement you identified while you analyzed your audience. The concluding information should elicit the business response you seek.For example, let’s imagine you are an insurance sales representative and a client has inquired about adding additional flood insurance to her homeowner’s insurance policy. You know this coverage would be beneficial to her, and it would increase business, so you want your reader to understand the benefits and purchase the additional coverage. Your introduction could be:The additional flood insurance coverage would protect your home if it were to flood because of hurricanes, river overflows, or excessive rain. All of these hazards have increased in your area i n the past five years by 36%. Your conclusion should make it easy for your reader to act as you need:To enact this coverage, please sign the enclosed coverage agreement on both pages three and five. Scan the signed coverage agreement into a PDF document and email it back to me by May 13. Look back at your sample work documents. By following these steps, can verify that your information is correct? And, breaking it down will help you identify where you tend to lose focus. 4. Review and Correct Your Format Next Study several different documents you wrote in the past few weeks and ask yourself what formatting enhancements would make them easier to scan. Helpful format elements are: Headings above document categories Indenting text to show it’s a sub-element of the previous information Bullet and number lists Lots of white space Short paragraphs Appropriate use of bold and emphatic text 5. Now It’s Time to Review and Correct Language Everyone makes different grammar and stylistic errors, so nothing will improve your business writing as well as business writing training that includes a professional instructor review of your writing. If that is not possible, you will need to self-diagnose your language and grammar. Grammar Diagnosis Run at least ten recent documents through Grammarly. Grammarly is an excellent spelling and grammar checker that will flag errors and explain what is wrong. You want to look for patterns. If, for example, Grammarly tells you that you made three â€Å"me, myself, and I† errors across your documents, accept that as a strong indicator that â€Å"me, myself, and I† usage is an error you need to correct. Run all of your documents through Grammarly and compile a list of all the errors Grammarly diagnosed. Grammarly is not foolproof, but it’s quite good. Without a professional review of your business writing, it’s the best objective assessment. Grammar Correction The best grammar resource on the Internet is the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL). Use the search button on Purdue’s OWL and search for the first error in your compiled list. Purdue OWL has detailed explanations and exercises to help clarify your understanding and use of that grammar rule. Stay with the exercises until your grammar understanding of this first error is corrected. Once you feel comfortable with your correction of your first grammar error, then move on to the next. Make sure you’re comfortable with your new grammar skills before you move on because grammar correction is primarily a habit of practice. Your grammar skills will improve from awareness and practice. How to Hone Clarity Business writing is notoriously bloated. Instead, business documents should be clear and concise. Fewer words are better than more. Bloat typically creeps in through sloppy verb use. Clarity Correction #1: â€Å"Unsmother† Your Verbs Focus on verbs. They are the action of a sentence, and the best opportunity to enhance clarity. Imagine watching a Bruce Willis movie that shows Bruce napping or knitting or whittling on a park bench for 90 minutes. Bored yet? So too are readers if your writing has little action or wimpy verbs. This article will explain smothered verbs in detail. You will cut at least 25% of unnecessary words by simply â€Å"unsmothering† verbs. Let the verb do its job in a sentence without smothering add-on words. The impact on business writing clarity is amazing. Business Writing Clarity Strategy #2: Avoid Adverbs Choose powerful verbs that connote meaning, which don't need a second modifying word to do their job! For instance: "The attendant shouted loudly." "The attendant shouted," is a perfect sentence. "Loudly" is inferred and extraneous. "The executive ran quickly into the boardroom." "Ran quickly" is wasteful. Pick a better verb. "The executive sprinted into the boardroom" is concise, visual, and lively. Business Writing Clarity Strategy #3: Recognize the Power of Short Words. Years back, some business writers felt they conveyed their intelligence more by using long words when short words worked better. Long words don’t make you sound intelligent unless used very skillfully and judiciously. In the wrong situation, they’ll have the opposite effect, making you sound pretentious and arrogant. They’re also less likely to be understood and more awkward to read. I've always loved Hemingway's response when Faulkner criticized him for his limited word choice: Poor Faulkner. Does he really think big emotions come from big words? He thinks I don’t know the ten-dollar words. I know them all right. But there are older and simpler and better words, and those are the ones I use. Example: Fine, but can be improved: It has never been a good writing practice to use big words indiscriminately. Better: It has never been a good writing practice to use big words needlessly. ("Needlessly" is shorter and simpler than "indiscriminately.") Best: It has never been a good writing practice to bloat with big words. (More powerful verb "bloat" instead of the vague verb "use" eliminates the need for modifying adverb "needlessly.") Remember this maxim about business writing: Write to express, not to impress. Good business writers use short words and fewer words well. Richard Lederer sings the praises of the short word to enhance clarity in his book, The Miracle of Language: Here is a sound rule: Use small, old words where you can. If a long word says just what you want to say, do not fear to use it. But know that our tongue is rich in crisp, brisk, swift, short words. Make them the spine and the heart of what you speak and write. Short words are like fast friends. They will not let you down. 6.Ongoing Improvement To Your Business Writing Read good business writing blogs. Our blog addresses business writing improvement specifically. Join 25,000 other monthly readers by subscribing to our newsletter here. Grammar Girl will explain the nuances of grammar very well. Read good writing. Read anything that interests you that is written well - novels, newspapers, good blogs, short stories, or essays. This helps you developskills needed for good writing. If you want to hone clarity, read anything by Theodore White or the short stories of Andre DuBus. These six steps will diagnose and improve your business writing skills. If tackling all of this on your own is too much, contact us for information about business writing courses.We’re here to help.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Rise of the Novel essays

Rise of the Novel essays William Warner in his essay The Elevation of the Novel in England: Hegemony and Literary Theory from which the above quotation is taken outlines his theory of a dependence on the part of Fielding and Richardson on the novels of earlier writers despite their attempts to devalue their work. In this essay I will examine this relationship from Warner's standpoint and show that it is a relationship is both complex and paradoxical. Prior to his first novel in 1749, Samuel Richardson (1689-1761) published, in 1740-41, an advisory work called Letters Written to and for Particular Friends. This publication intended to instil in the reader a correct code of conduct or "how to think and act justly and prudently in the common concerns of life". With the publication of the 1749 novel "Pamela: Or Virtue Rewarded, Richardson fully assumed his role as an author expounding the moralistic values of the bourgeois society to which he had ascended from more humble beginnings. This role would become impounded by his two subsequent novels Clarissa: or the History of a Young Lady (1747-48) and The History of Sir Charles Grandison (1753-54). Henry Fielding (1707-1754) had published poems, satirical pieces, comedies, farces and ballad operas before he published his first novel. Incensed at the publication of Richardson's Pamela, Fielding set out to ridicule his contemporaries work with the often hilarious An apology for the life of Mrs Shamala Andrews (1741). Though apparently antagonistic to Richardson in this regard, his later novel Tom Jones (1748) is prefaced with all of the moralistic overtones that became synonimous with Richardson and built on the same foundations of judgement and opinionated moral comment....

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Family Tree and Genealogy of Actor James Stewart

Family Tree and Genealogy of Actor James Stewart Beloved American actor Jimmy Stewart was born to typical small-town roots in Indiana, Pennsylvania, where his father owned the local hardware store. His fathers Western Pennsylvania roots date back to 1772 when Jimmys third great-grandfather Fergus Moorhead first arrived in what is now Indiana County. His mothers roots also stretch back to 1770s Pennsylvania. First Generation James Maitland STEWART, the oldest and only son of Alexander Stewart and Elizabeth Ruth Jackson, was born on 20 May 1908 in his parents home at 975 Philadelphia Street in Indiana, Pennsylvania. The family soon expanded to include two sisters, Mary and Virginia. Jimmys father, Alex (pronounced Alec) owned the local hardware store in town, J.M. Stewart Co. Jimmy Stewart married Gloria Hatrick in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California, on 9 August 1949. Second Generation (Parents) Alexander M. STEWART was born on 19 May 1872 in Indiana County, Pennsylvania and died 28 Dec 1961 in Indiana Co., PA.Elizabeth Ruth JACKSON was born on 16 Mar 1875 in Indiana Co., PA and died 2 Aug 1953. Alexander M. STEWART and Elizabeth Ruth JACKSON were married in Indiana Co., PA on 19 Dec 1906 and had the following children: Jimmy Maitland STEWARTMary Wilson STEWART was born in Indiana Co., PA in 1912Virginia Kelly STEWART was born in Indiana Co., PA in 1915 Third Generation (Grandparents): James Maitland STEWART was born in Pennsylvania on 24 May 1839 and died on 16 Mar 1932.Virginia KELLY was born in Pennsylvania about 1847 and died before 1888. James Maitland STEWART married twice. First, he married Virginia Kelly and they had the following children: Ralph STEWART was born in Pennsylvania on Oct 1869Alexander M. STEWARTErnest Taylor STEWART was born in Pennsylvania Sep 1874 Following the death of his first wife, Virginia, James Maitland STEWART married Martha A. about 1888. Samuel McCartney JACKSON was born in Sep 1833 in PennsylvaniaMary E. WILSON was born in Nov 1844 in Pennsylvania Samuel McCartney JACKSON and Mary E. WILSON were married about 1868, and had the following children: Mary Gertrude Jackson was born abt 1861 in PALizzie Virginia Jackson was born abt 1862 in PAFrank Wilson Jackson was born abt 1870 in PAJohn H. Jackson was born abt Aug 1873 in PAElizabeth Ruth JACKSONMary E Jackson was born abt 1877 in PAEmily L. Jackson was born abt Apr 1882 in PA

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Role Of Special Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role Of Special Education - Essay Example ADHD/LD is needed to be considered as a disability, and teachers are required to undergo special orientation regarding the disability and difficulty faced by such adolescents. A proper coordinated approach between parents of ADHD/LD adolescents and teachers is crucial to bring about a supportive atmosphere for the ADHD/LD adolescents in school. The authors rightfully concluded that ADHD/LD being a genetic/neurobehavioral disorder, the best possible course of action by the school authority would be to arrange for regular counseling sessions and professional group therapy and lastly, but most importantly to boost the self-esteem of the adolescents.The teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had been surveyed. In this study, questionnaires given to teachers in one hundred and ninety-six elementary school teachers in Shiraz Province of Iran had been filled anonymously on ADHD. The study revealed teachers low attitude score towards ADHD chi ldren which reflected in their weak tolerant attitude towards an ADHD adolescent. Most of the teachers were found to unaware of ADHD. However, majority believed that there is the need for awareness of any ADHD students in their classes. A significant correlation was observed between knowledge and attitude of the teacher, which means those with higher knowledge about ADHD have the more tolerant attitude. Majority of the teachers opined that ADHD adolescents are at risk for delinquency, truancy, depression.

Community Map Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Community Map - Essay Example Each map misses something important as when I compare my map with that of my neighbors I realize that I forget to draw a lot of stuff, but it does not matter because it shows how each of us envision our community (Glenn, 2004). It also shows how each person expresses his or her own interpretation of a community on his or her map. In my community, my neighbors are very close to one another because the majority of us are Haitians, which makes us strong. We speak of the similarity of language, eat same food and dress the same way. In contrary, we do not support each other as they do in Haiti. I personally did my own research about community economics. In order for a community to be powerful, each of us must practice group economics that means patronize each other businesses so our money can be osculated within our community. An example is, we need to control more businesses and resources in our community instead of having someone else that comes from a different community that has a different culture ruling all of us (Glenn, 2004). We can buy out politicians or at least rent them out so they can implement a new law that would benefit us in the long run. Anybody thinks by voting you automatically control your politicians; you are delusional. By having a business in your community, you can afford to write a cheque to your local politicians and support them in their next campaign (Glenn, 2004). Next time you decide to ask for a favor, someone you would be ready to answer to your

Friday, October 18, 2019

Book Critique on The Geography of Genocide Essay

Book Critique on The Geography of Genocide - Essay Example In his book, Allan D. Cooper also focuses and provides due emphasis on a unique perspective of genocide, that was never researched before. In this book, he explains the reason of genocides occurring mostly from ‘territorial interiors’ and never originating from any urban cosmopolitan hub or centers. This precious book has been published by the United Press of America. The book is really a treasure of knowledge and the systematic representation of facts and research materials which Allan tried to portray makes it all the more interesting. The book is divided into six chapters and two appendices, which step by step, puts forward the thesis of the author presented in the book. The six chapters are very symmetrical in terms of content. Chapter 1 deals exclusively with the meaning and understanding of the term genocide and it is named as ‘Defining Genocide’. The chapter defines genocide both in its social as well as political perspective. Here, author reminds us about the contention put forward by Raphael Lemkin regarding the term ‘genocide’. Chapter 2 is named as ‘Constructing Difference’ and it focuses on the issue that is very much relevant to the entire topic of discussion. This chapter explains whether there is any certainty about the cons tructions of â€Å"social identity† and analyzes whether this social identity truly lead to genocide in reality or not. At the last segment of this chapter, Allan explains how the concept of â€Å"creating others† plays a vital role in committing genocide and how the â€Å"imagined communities† make genocide unavoidable. In this chapter, the author also pits forward another vital point that the process of creating â€Å"other† does not solely depend upon the structures of religion, nationality, and race or on ethnicity. What is more serious or the constant thread running down all

Organizational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational Change - Essay Example Technical issues can be dealt with expertise while others require the managers to make use of emotional intelligence to control the matters. In a vast majority of cases, both occur together in the change implementation cases. Flexibility is the key to success in change management. Certain adaptive and technical competences are vital to be successful as a change manager. These competences have been presented in this article after a thorough analysis of past research pertaining to the subject. Change science is fundamental to bringing about the behavioral change in the workforce. It enables the leader to define the objectives, tasks and milestones in a way that is conducive for higher motivation in the workforce. Change art is required to manage the factors that are driven by behavior and emotions. Change leaders can get to know their initiatives more clearly using change art. Change art collects information from the surroundings, evaluates it and generates useful information for the c hange leaders so that they may realize the measures needed to raise the motivation of workforce. Change art places more emphasis on behavioral goals than technical goals and hence, may compromise upon technical specifications as deadlines and milestones.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Attributes of A Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Attributes of A Leader - Essay Example Malcolm X was a renowned black civil rights leader. He dedicated a majority of his life to creating racial pride in his black listeners. Many things led to his strong feelings against white domination, including his family life and his experiences as a young adult, this created his dreams and goals and followed up with his many accomplishes as a civil rights leader. Malcolm X was born in Omaha Nebraska. Growing up his family was constantly harassed by whites who didn't like his father, Earl little because he was an organiser for the "Back-to-Africa" movement. His father was murdered when Malcolm was just six years old. Shortly after his father died his mother had a nervous breakdown and the rest of his family was split up by welfare agencies. Malcolm continued to go to school with dreams of someday becoming a lawyer or a doctor until his eighth-grade teacher told him he should learn carpentry and just forget his dreams because he was black. He dropped out of school that year and he supported himself for a few years as a hustler. Malcolm cheated his way through his young adult life until he was put into jail for burglary While in prison Malcolm adopted the Islamic religion. He believed that blacks all over the world should join forces and fight against racism. In his mind, white people had broken up his family and ruined his life all because of racial tension. Above all, he stressed strong ethical conduct among blacks, in other words, a strong racial unity. Malcolm believed that one day blacks would be repaid for all the loss and suffering caused by whites. Malcolm made it his goal to convince fellow blacks to speak out against racism; he dedicated the rest of his life to this task (Robin 1999 p 12). He never lagged with a gap between his thoughts and his actions. Whatever he desired he went and attempted, and continued until all options were exhausted. Only his goal was not to improve his standing in life, but to improve his peoples', he must be respected as they are because of his commitment to his goal The population recognized his creativity and freshness behind these ideas. They realized that like other ideal Americans in history, Malcolm had new theories, but more importantly that he new how to use them. His thoughts were unlike past notable Americans, but they were just as creative and original as those men and women who were considered ingenious role models. Malcolm's ability to implement these new ideas on the population affects the world around him. He sets out to change the world with fresh, new ideas, and succeeds in gaining

The monstrous in photography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The monstrous in photography - Essay Example Many products of painting have documentary and informational value. Our epoch is distinguished by the tendency of showing the reality. However our reality is not always pleasant to look at, that is why critics and psychologists, painters and photographers argue about the representation of monstrous and the taboo in respect of this representation. The body in modern American art is shown as defenseless, injured, sexual, disjointed, dreadful and supernatural. There are a lot of unquotable elements. This concerns the artists like Mike Kelley, John Miller, Kiki Smith, Robert Gober, Cindy Sherman, Andres Serrano, Barbara Nortfleet and others.It is really impossible to forget the shocking gesture of Andres Serrano. In 1991 in the Austrian gallery he exposed a composition "'Piss Christ'" The crucifixion written by urine (yellow on red) was showed in gallery no more than for three days - they were afraid of pogroms. On the first day the 51-years Catholic tried to break a frame, but he was dragged back by the guards. On the second day two teenagers managed to do that. The next fascinating sight can be found in the book of Barbara Nortfleet "Looking at Death". Nobody would dare to remain indifferent looking at this astonishing book, a collection of over a hundred fascinating and often scandalous photographs. After looking through at l east several of them one will never be able to look at death as he did before. Here you will find different kinds of death: on the stage and in war, by violence and in medicine. There is absurdity and tragedy, knack and pretense. This book makes us look at our life differently and inspires to appreciate every moment of living. The creativity of the abovementioned authors is actively discussed by many critics; different opinion was formed about their work. However what does the person feels looking at such images Are they criminal and must be forbidden or can they just serve as a cause for thinking What do they really represent The concept of representation is a key concept both for a paradigm of "cultural researches" and for feministic criticism. At the same time it is one of the most problematic concepts in terms of definition. Stewart Hall says that the representation has two main meanings: 1)"speaking for somebody" representation or somebody's interest; 2) representation in art or philosophy (as a representation of something existing by other means). Stewart Hall considers it to be possible to reduce all the variety of cultural approaches in the decision of this problem to three basic models of interpretation: reflective (mimetic), intentional and constructional (including semiotic and discursive approaches). Hall defines the representation as a process by means of which subjects of culture use the language (any system of marks) for values manufacture. Objects of representation have no sense: it appears during the interpretation and the communications, coding and decoding of texts and depends on the cul tural context. Photography is philosophical observations and reflections. The photographer is not an operator, he is a producer, he creates and organizes a situation, he is a stage manager, the thin psychologist penetrating into the depths of human soul. From this point of view a completely necessary condition of perception is a certain preliminary cogitative gesture, some kind of "hidden manner". It is important not to refuse the experience of our inherent photography

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Attributes of A Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Attributes of A Leader - Essay Example Malcolm X was a renowned black civil rights leader. He dedicated a majority of his life to creating racial pride in his black listeners. Many things led to his strong feelings against white domination, including his family life and his experiences as a young adult, this created his dreams and goals and followed up with his many accomplishes as a civil rights leader. Malcolm X was born in Omaha Nebraska. Growing up his family was constantly harassed by whites who didn't like his father, Earl little because he was an organiser for the "Back-to-Africa" movement. His father was murdered when Malcolm was just six years old. Shortly after his father died his mother had a nervous breakdown and the rest of his family was split up by welfare agencies. Malcolm continued to go to school with dreams of someday becoming a lawyer or a doctor until his eighth-grade teacher told him he should learn carpentry and just forget his dreams because he was black. He dropped out of school that year and he supported himself for a few years as a hustler. Malcolm cheated his way through his young adult life until he was put into jail for burglary While in prison Malcolm adopted the Islamic religion. He believed that blacks all over the world should join forces and fight against racism. In his mind, white people had broken up his family and ruined his life all because of racial tension. Above all, he stressed strong ethical conduct among blacks, in other words, a strong racial unity. Malcolm believed that one day blacks would be repaid for all the loss and suffering caused by whites. Malcolm made it his goal to convince fellow blacks to speak out against racism; he dedicated the rest of his life to this task (Robin 1999 p 12). He never lagged with a gap between his thoughts and his actions. Whatever he desired he went and attempted, and continued until all options were exhausted. Only his goal was not to improve his standing in life, but to improve his peoples', he must be respected as they are because of his commitment to his goal The population recognized his creativity and freshness behind these ideas. They realized that like other ideal Americans in history, Malcolm had new theories, but more importantly that he new how to use them. His thoughts were unlike past notable Americans, but they were just as creative and original as those men and women who were considered ingenious role models. Malcolm's ability to implement these new ideas on the population affects the world around him. He sets out to change the world with fresh, new ideas, and succeeds in gaining

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

The Death Penalty Distinct Ruling's Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Death Penalty Distinct Ruling's - Assignment Example Death penalty could also be said to be ethical since it ensures equality. It would be an act of favor to the offender when the judge gives a lenient judgment to an offender as compared to the crime done (Andre, 2010). For example, if a person commits murder and is given a jail term of several years, then that would be unfair to the victim’s family that would be unethical. Even, though, some may argue that an adult is aware of the crime he has committed, there are some facts that people would tend to assume. The reason why the person did what he did could be out of defense. People also assume the mental stability of the person who committed the crime. Dignity is another crucial point that one should consider, and lastly the right to life. An adult criminal has rights, just like another person, and should not be treated differently. Thus, death penalty can be both adequate and inadequate when it comes to an adult criminal depending on the facts (Gary, 2001). The right to life is a freedom that everyone is supposed to enjoy. No person is allowed to take another person’s life. Thus, death penalty violates this right (Dieter). When the court orders for a person to be hanged or shot to death, then they are depriving the person the right to life. Instead of killing a person, it would be okay to lock them forever until they die naturally. Even, though, it has been argued that the only people who should be given this penalty are juveniles, since they are still young and pregnant women, it is still not justified. All are equal and should be treated equally. Thus, no one should be allowed to go through this since this is violation of human rights. Death penalty to criminals of a violent act would result into violating all the factors that have been mentioned above. It would lead to violation of human rights, but, at the same time, it would be a sound, ethical decision. However, sometimes a court might have ruled against the offender,

Monday, October 14, 2019

What Qualities A Teacher Should Have Essay Example for Free

What Qualities A Teacher Should Have Essay Teachers play an important role in the education of every student. There are many who think that a teacher have a certain skill in teaching their students. I think that a teacher should obtain multiple qualities to be able to have the skill in teaching. In my view, a teacher must enjoy their job. They should do this because if they do not then they will become unhappy. Once a teacher is unhappy, they will not be able to perform well for their job. If a teacher is not able to perform well; how will a student be able to learn the proper skills for their subject? A teacher should have knowledge about their subject. If a teacher does not have the knowledge; how will he be able to guide his students towards the right path? The teacher should have knowledge because he will be able to share his knowledge with his students, which enables his students to learn more. I strongly believe that a teacher should present his subject in an interesting manner. If a subject is not presented in an interesting manner; how will students be able to obtain the information given to them? Students these days have very limited attention spans. If very vital information is being presented in a boring monotone voice; do you think students will remember this information? A teacher should be hardworking, caring, responsible and must like children. If a teacher is none these; how do you think a student will react? If a teacher is not hardworking; will he be able to actually teach a student something? If a teacher is not caring; will he able to gain the trust of a student? If a teacher is not responsible; will he be able to handle the welfare of a student? If a teacher dislikes children; will he be able to achieve in getting any information towards a student? In conclusion, I think in order to obtain a certain skill in teaching; a teacher must be able to have certain qualities such as the ability to appreciate his job, the knowledge of a subject, the ability to present their subject in an interesting manner, the ability to be hardworking, caring, responsible and the ability to like children. Teachers are counted as a noble profession as they shape the minds of tomorrow.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

“Revisiting ‘Bakhar’: Power, Knowledge and Communities” Essay example -

This paper concentrates on the study of the selected ‘bakhars’. The ‘bakhar’, means a Marathi prose historical narrative. Except Mahikavati bakhar, most of the ‘bakhars’ were written from the 17th century to early 19th century. These bakhars were written by Maratha officials on the directions from their masters or senior officials. Those officials were considered as ‘Mahitigar’ i.e. well-informed and knowledgeable persons. The word ‘bakhar’ derived from Arabic word ‘khabar’, which means news or information. The bakhars were about biographies of great personalities, descriptions of great battles or genealogies of prominent families. The origin of ‘bakhar’ literature, from Persian ‘tawarikhs’ and ‘akhabarats’ or from Sanskrit ‘akhyans’ and ‘puranas’, is a matter of debate among the scholars of Maratha history and Marathi linguistics. The most of the historians raised serious questions about the authenticity of ‘bakhar’ as a reliable source for history writing. However, historians had always used and still using ‘bakhar’ as source. The Marathi literary critics, considering ‘bakhars’ as an important Marathi prose genre of the pre-colonial period, focused on various aspects in their studies of bakhars such as writing styles, sketches of characters and events, uses of ‘puranic’ and mythical legends, ideal and moral values, uses of divine interventions, descriptions of society and places, vocabulary and uses of phrases, changing meanings of words, constructions of sentences etc in ‘bakhar’ literature. Unlike the literary critics who mainly studied the origin of bakhar through literary studies as mention above mainly focused on one question i.e. from where bakhar is derived. Making departure from this point, Sumit Guha locates the s... .... Sumit Guha, ‘Speaking Historically: The Changing Voices of Historical Narration in Western India.’ American Historical Review 109, no.4(October 2004):1084-2004. Prachi Deshpande, ‘Creative Past: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India 1700-1960’ Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2007, p.39. Ibid. See, Anirudh Deshpande, ‘Marathas,Rajputs and Afghans in Mid-Eighteenth-Century India: Bhausahebanchi Bakhar and the Articulation of Cultural difference in Pre-Colonial India’ , Nehru Memorial Museum and Library Occasional Paper: History and Society, New Series-10, 2013 Sabhasad Bakhar, Introduction, p.15 Ibid, pp.1. Ibid pp. 29-38, 116-127. Ibid, p.131 Ibid, p.132 Chitnis Bakhar, Introduction, p. 17, for more details see G S Sardesai, ‘Marathi Riyasat Khand 2’, Popular Prakashan, Mumabai, 2011. Chitnis Bakhar, Introduction, p. 17 Ibid, p.1

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Biblical References in The Matrix :: Film, Movie, Matrix

While many may appreciate The Matrix for it’s over-the- top fight scenes, there is much to be gained from the film’s biblical references that gives us a deeper and richer understanding of the film. The Matrix series is much more than an action-packed sci-fi thriller. After one view of this film for the second and third time, we start to notice a great deal of symbolism. This symbolism starts to paint a completely different picture than the images of humans battling machines. It is a religious story, with symbols deeply set in the Christian faith. The Matrix contains religious symbolism through its four main characters, Morpheus, Neo, Trinity and Cypher. In that each character personifies the â€Å"Father,† the â€Å"Son,† â€Å"Satan,† and the â€Å"Holy Spirit† of the Christian beliefs only shown through the amazing performances of the actors. A critic by the name of Shawn Levy said "The Matrix slams you back in your chair, pops open your eyes and leaves your jaw hanging slack in amazement."(metacritic.com) The protagonist Thomas Anderson in the series is one of billions of humans connected to the Matrix, he is a quiet programmer for the "respectable software company" Metacortex. Thomas Anderson is the character in the movie whose later alias becomes â€Å"Neo†. Which an anagram for â€Å"the one† a name that is most profound parallel to the Bible. Coincidence I think not. Neo is the Christ-figure in The Matrix who is sent to liberate men from their fallen and enslaved state Zion that is the last human city on earth, paralleling the Zion of the Bible. Morpheus and other believers herald him as the â€Å"One.† Neo or Christ sets humans free from the matrix or sin as agent Smith who in terms is Satan. Neo has a resurrection scene at the end of the first installment of The Matrix. In this scene Smith kills him, and his coming back to life serves as a testament to his power, and sets the stage for Neo’s final sacrifice at the end of the third movie. It is the scene at the end of the trilogy when Neo makes his Christ-like death. After this sacrifice, Neo is lifted into the sky, the same way one might describe Christ’s resurrection. Neo's performance was so good that famous hollywood director Quienten

Friday, October 11, 2019

Essays on Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard Essay

At first filled with shame, his officious father soon realizes just how profitable his son’s supposed spirituality can be. His mother, meanwhile, finds in the orchard relief from traditional Indian family life and middle-class respectability by devoting herself to creating increasingly exotic curries. All goes well until the local monkeys start to drink. Plans to rid the orchard of their unwanted hullabaloo multiply and eventually go completely awry, but not before Sampath is released from the endless cycle of demands. Transformed into a guava, he is last seen being carried towards the sacred Himalayas by the hungry monkeys. This story, by the daughter of novelist Anita Desai, works best when the pacing is as fast as the author’s touch is light, as it surely is in the final thirty or so pages. When it drags, stylistic tics become annoyingly apparent, the narrative too slender to support even a novel this short, and this talented author’s indebtedness to other writers, from Narayan and Salman Rushdie to Italo Calvino, Jerzy Kosinski and Gabriel Garcia Marquez the sign not of postmodern play but of youthful derivativeness.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Biology dna

Scope of task Students will be required to complete a Research Report in the form of a Powering presentation OR a weapon. This Task will require students to conduct individual research on a topic relating to genetic engineering. The Report will be the equivalent of 1500 words* and will include a bibliography. The bibliography will not be included in the word count. Students are not required to conduct a class presentation. *1 500 words is the maximum recommended length for this Report.The number of slides in a Powering presentation or weapon will be determined by the creativity f the student and the number of images they wish to include. The Research Report is worth 20% of the final student mark. Students will choose from the following list: Research area Suggested Topics Pre-natal diagnosis of genetic disease. * Cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, thalami's. Pre-symptomatic diagnosis of adult-onset genetic disease. Huntington Disease, breast cancer, bowel cancer.Production of human protein s. Insulin, Human Growth Hormone. Genetically-modified crop plants. Soya, Tomatoes, Golden Rice, BAT Cotton. Gene therapy. Cystic fibrosis, Severe Combined Immune Deficiency Syndrome. DNA profiling. For paternity testing, for breeding of captive endangered species, in forensics. Genetically modified organisms. Hypoallergenic cats, Environ TM – pigs, Estrangement Atlantic salmon Stem Cell Research. Type 1 diabetes, Nervous system diseases, Cancer, Primary immunodeficiency disease Cloning.Therapeutic cloning (type 1 diabetes), Reproductive cloning (e. G. Production of Dolly the sheep by nuclear transfer). *N.B.: any student who chose pre-natal diagnosis for their research topic for Biology Unit 1 should not be permitted to choose this topic for this Unit. The report will: introduce the scope of the topic describe the method used in the technology by the scientists in the laboratory include relevant diagrams discuss a social issue arising from the use of the technology include a bibliography of references used.This research project must be structured under the following headings: Introduction Background Genetics Genetic techniques Social issues Bibliography How Task is Approached Task is first introduced as early as possible during Week One and students are given a deadline (as stated in the teaching plan) to get the topic approved by the Teacher. Follow these steps: First, select a topic of interest that falls under one of the research areas given in the table above. Then, proceed to carry out a literature / library research on that topic and collect research articles related to that topic.Make sure your articles have the necessary information to write the introduction, history or background, method and social issues as described in the rubric. Confirmation of the topic is on a first come – first served basis whereby the teacher will approve the topic once the students meet the criteria above. Every student will have his/her own topic; no two stude nts are allowed to write the same topic from that class. Once your topic is approved by the Teacher, make sure you register your topic with your Teacher. You are then given 4 weeks to submit your slides – refer to the deadline given in the teaching plan.You are encouraged to submit drafts of your work. For a guide, refer to the samples of past research reports. Always refer to the assessment rubric attached to ensure that you are on the right track. The Knowledge, Skills and Behaviors outcomes achieved at the end of this task are dependent on the topic chosen. Below are some of the outcomes you should achieve. Unit Knowledge Outcomes At the end of this Unit students will be able to: 1 . Report on a specific area of interest within the field of genetic engineering 2. Apply their knowledge to new situations Unit Skills and Behaviors Outcomes 1 . Accurately use and apply biological terms in their appropriate context 2. Calculate ratios, proportions and probabilities as relevant to the study of Biology 3. Draw graphs using appropriate conventions 4. Appraise a range of different resources as part of the research process 5. Differentiate between useful and distractive information both in assessment tasks ND from the internet 6. Design and create a presentation report using appropriate software and IT facilities 7. Discriminate between and review differing points of view that exist relating to advances in biotechnology 8. Valuate experimental designs 9. Demonstrate written communication skills via practical reports and research reports How the task covers literacy, innumeracy, CIT and thinking skills Literacy Students will: organize and coherently present information in a report convert information gained through research into their own words relate a social sue in an objective fashion (using scientific expression) Compile a bibliography using a standard format. CIT use the internet as a research tool appraise internet sources for their relevance and validity use Powering to compose a report OR create a weapon.Thinking Skills summarize the main steps involved in an example of genetic engineering Appraise differing points of view that exist about a relevant social issue. How the task covers the MUFF Graduate Attributes Personal and social growth attributes survey a sample of individuals from various backgrounds to establish the different mints of view that exist regarding an example of genetic engineering critically evaluate research material and select relevant content apply an ethical approach to reporting the views of others.Lifelong learning attributes develop flexibility in thinking and learning through appraisal and subsequent summary of research material conduct an individual research activity write a report that summarizes material gained through their own research develop their ability to work independently organize knowledge gained on an example of genetic engineering use software to compose a research report SE the internet to conduct research develop the ability to draft and finalist a report. mints of view that exist regarding an example of genetic engineering. Suggested approaches Students will select a topic from a short list provided by the teacher. Students will â€Å"sign off' on their topic four (4) weeks prior to final submission date. An outline of the final report structure will be provided to students as a guide. Students may submit drafts of their work. Class time may be used for research and compilation of findings but it is expected that most of the required work will be completed outside of scheduled lessons/ structures.Ways of meeting approaches The Task should be introduced to students as early as possible, preferably during Week One. The outline provided to students should be structured to provide a guide for their research. The guide will follow the assessment criteria in the assessment rubric for this Task. Steps that may be involved in scaffolding the nature of the assessment task Students should be encouraged to draft their work. As relevant topics are covered in class, reference should be made to the usefulness of the content regarding this Task.

History of Latin America: The Colonial to Contemporary Period Essay

The history of Latin America can only be understood in its relations with other countries and continents. Europe and Anglo-America play a huge role in shaping the history of Latin America from pre-colonial times to the contemporary period. The expansionist policies of colonizing countries clearly meddled with the history of Latin America. This is seen in the longstanding presence of dominant countries in the continent. The effects of these forces can be seen in the economy, politics, culture and history of Latin America. Interestingly, defining Latin America by presenting its history is a monumental task. For one, Latin America is not a homogenous continent. â€Å"It is an immense world region striving to establish its place in the new global order†¦ it is home to some 500 million people who well represent the rich racial and cultural diversity of the human family† (Vanden and Prevost 1). Rather than present Latin American history in the traditional historical framework—dates, geography, political successions—which is linear in nature, this essay resonates Eduardo Galeano’s depiction of Latin American history. This presentation is based on a number of facets of history that are suitable images of what Latin American peoples had collectively undergone. This essay seeks to present the history of Latin America from the colonial to contemporary period. Given the vast scope of the region’s history, specific thematic spheres are focal discussion points in this essay. The discussion will focus in terms of: slavery, foreign domination, agriculture structure, foreign debt, living standards and neo-liberalism. Lastly, the conclusion presents a synthesized view of Latin America’s history. Slavery One phenomenon collectively experienced by Latin America is slavery. The main reason for the interest of colonizers in Latin America is economic in nature. Slavery is a means of production whereby the mass production of goods from the colonizing countries would have free labor. Intensifying the capital would translate to a corresponding increase of productivity for the colonizer. Slavery took place almost immediately after the invasion of Latin American countries. It is tied to the new law and order promulgated by the ones in the bastion of power. Modem day transatlantic slave trade dated from 1519 to 1867; by 1530 the Spanish crown had authorized the spread of slavery to Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Jamaica† (Vanden and Prevost 33). The colonizers of Europe and the US had the â€Å"realization that new laborers, artisans, and those with other skills could add to the growing nations† (8). This means that slavery crept through the entire continent, every colonizer followed suit—fearing of lagging behind the economies of colonizers that are founded on slave labor—since then others have already adopted the practice of slavery. In the movie Burn, the island of Queimada is ravaged with unscrupulous practices of production. Slaves were used in the sugar plantations and manufacturing plants so that the profits are maximized (Burn 1969). Although, there are different forms of slavery within Latin America and in some countries, slavery as a tool for economic production even failed. The case of Brazil and the Carribean showed that resistance to slavery can be successful. â€Å"In northern Brazil and the Caribbean, native slavery failed, and the native peoples would not otherwise provide the abundant labor needed† (Vanden and Prevost 32). Foreign Domination Pre-colonial Latin America is isolated in nature: the economies there were â€Å"small local spheres that are isolated from events outside the valley, village or small town. † (146) Civilizations such as the Mayan, Mohican, etc. contributed to the breakdown of isolationism, although the collapse is only in economic terms and is limited only to the region. Less centralized societies existed before the foreign presence in the region and had been self-sustaining for centuries. â€Å"Latin American integration into the world economy only began when the Europeans arrived† (146). During the period of foreign domination, the breakdown of autonomy of the different facets of society became a massive and all-encompassing policy. Politics, culture, economics, social order, law and governance are all key positions held by foreign powers. The relationship between the empire and colonies is similar to the relationship of the slaves to their masters. Core-periphery relationship enabled the rich empires to continually develop at the expense of the peripheries. The decisions on resources, politics and over-all direction of the Latin America are done on foreign soil. Galeano points out that the expansionist policy of foreign colonizers had a push and a pull factor. The push factor is the desire of colonizers for glory. The first of the conquerors that came to Latin America are the Europeans notably the Spanish. Initially, the desire for glory drove explorers to different expeditions of other lands. The pull factor is the allure of the expeditionary forces to the vast riches of the region. â€Å"After the reports of the riches of the empire to the south had reached the Spanish settlement in Panama, considerable interest in conquest developed. Eventually, the Spanish came back with its conquistadores† (Galeano 27). The rest, as we now know from hindsight, is history. Agriculture Production Agricultural production in the Latin America became the fuel for development of the imperial global market. â€Å"At the same time, directly or indirectly but decisively, it spurred the growth of Dutch, French, English and United States industry. The demand for sugar produced the plantation, an enterprise motivated by†¦ profit and placed at the service of the international market that Europe is organizing. (Galeano 72). Agriculture production policies of the imperial powers deliberately shifted from small-scale farming into monocrop economies. â€Å"As national economies developed, regions and often whole nations became dedicated to monoculture—dedication to one crop or commodity. † (Vanden and Prevost 151). Colombia and El Salvador focused on selling coffee on the international market, Mexico and Venezuela were dependent on the petroleum commodity, Bolivia centered on tin. Coffee and bananas became the biggest agricultural products of Central America. From being self-sufficient agricultures, where people â€Å"nourished themselves on a balanced diet consisting of beans, corn, and squash,† (Vanden and Prevost 19), the shift into agro-industries is triggered by the principle of comparative advantage on the international market. Latin America at this point became a good source of raw materials and food for the imperialist states. The priority of agriculture in peripheries is always the self-serving interest of the US and Europe. While Brazil prospered due to its exports of sugarcane monoculture, the nation’s children ironically starved. Abundance and prosperity came hand in hand with chronic malnutrition and misery for most of the population† (Galeano 75). Foreign Debt At present Jamaica owes over $4. 5 billion to the IMF, the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) among other international lending agencies yet the significant development that these loans have guaranteed have yet to manifest. The amounts of foreign exchange together with the structural adjustment policies have had a negative impact in the life of everybody. In another part of the movie, we can see the history of a chicken plant which had a good business selling high-quality chicken to the internal Jamaica market; but this business has been demoralize by U. S. ; while there are a lot of restriction on foods and goods imported into the U. S. there are regularly no restrictions on foods and goods exported to foreign developing country. (Life and Debt 2001). Jamaica is not alone in its debt crisis. After the shift from colonialism to the independence of Latin America, the new world order shifted its principles from liberalism to a neo-liberal, neo-colonial system. Virtually all of Latin America is on the throes of economic dependence on international financial institutions, namely the IMF and World Bank. The loans do not come without strings attached to it. Structural adjustment programs and stringent conditionalities essentially limit the capability of Latin America to compete at the global market. For instance, produce from Third World countries such as that in Latin America are penalized with tariffs and quotas as they enter First World markets, while finished products of the US and Europe find their ‘niche’ market in the Third World. The free play of supply and demand does not exist on the international market, the reality is a dictatorship of one group over the other† (Galeano 259). Conclusion: Global Economic Hegemony The alienation of the peoples of Latin America, their sufferings and collective aspirations juxtaposed with the injustices experienced within its history are the prime reasons for the regions revolutionary and bloody history. From slavery, to feudalism, to mercantilism, to capitalism, the world order had changed via neo-liberalism, neo-colonialism and globalization. Sadly, none of these modes of production had effectively benefitted Latin America. These different economic historical periods are only different forms of the same thing—inequalities, poverty, human rights abuses and a melange of problems that hound Latin America today. Since the colonial period, the grips of powerful nation states had never loosened on Latin America. It is a good source of raw materials, with cheap labor and also a good market for finished products. The international economic structures enabled â€Å"economic policy recommendations that are dominated by orthodox capitalist economic thinking† (Vanden and Prevost 165). Inequalities continue to exist and are even presented in smokescreens such as Free Trade, which is not free after all. The Global North competing in the international market against the Global South is a very one-sided economic structure that benefits the North at the expense of the South. The contemporary global economic hegemony is essential for the US and Europe, it is essential for their survival. Globalization shrank the world into a smaller entity but the international economy is still run by colonial powers. 21st century domination of the world does not come in barbaric way, the methods of coercion and domination are subtle yet they are as cruel and deadly as before. What had happened for the past centuries is an enslavement of Latin America and a raping of humanity by colonizers.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Race and American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Race and American Revolution - Essay Example Giving the Indians and the Africans a more prominent role meant that the older white-dominated success story f early America would have to change, ideally to be replaced by a more complicated story f cultural conflict and cultural intermingling. Nash next turned to the origins f the American Revolution, and in Urban Crucible, in 1979, he argued that the tensions arising from poverty and other underlying social and economic inequalities in the cities led to a radical lower-class politics that helps to account for the Revolution. Over the past several decades, Nash has devoted himself to the study f African American slavery and African American anti-slave movements--subjects on which he has written his best work. (Skemp 1429-1431) At the same time, together with Charlotte Crabtree at UCLA, he launched the National History Standards Project with funds supplied by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The published work, National Standards for United States History: Exploring the American Experience, which appeared in 1994, was repudiated by former NEH head Lynne Cheney, who had funded it, and disowned by the U.S. Senate by a vote f ninety-nine to one, though few senators actually read the standards. Through all the controversies and attacks--from the left and from the right--Nash never lost his faith that a fairer, more just, and more equitable America could be created by a more "inclusive" historiography, by historians uncovering all the inequities and brutalities f early America, especially those inflicted on Native Americans, African slaves, and poor lower-class whites. Although he did not write extensively on women in early America, inevitably he has been sympathetic to their cause as well. Nash has always sought to project his political vision into his history-writing. As much as anyone, Nash seems to represent the best f the "race, class, gender" historians f the past generation, who have succeeded remarkably in transforming the kind f history taught in many colleges and universities. His role as one f the leaders f this major historiographical transformation makes his book on race and revolution all the more significant. Here Nash applies the "race, class, gender" formula to what is arguably the most important event in American history. Although Nash has titled his book Race And Revolution, his interpretation f the Revolution may not be as unknown as he makes it out to be, owing to the revisionist work f many academic historians over the past four decades. As a result f this work, many people now know who Crispus Attucks is. (But can anyone name the other four victims f the Boston Massacre) f course, if polls f seniors from leading colleges and universities are to be believed, many events f the Revolution appear to be unknown by even the best-educated Americans. Only 34 percent f college seniors were able to identify George Washington as an American general at the battle f Yorktown. Only 23 percent knew that James Madison was the "Father f the Constitution." When Nash laments the "historical amnesia" f Americans, he doesn't appreciate the half f it. (Foster 20-27) Nash intends his book to be "a history f inclusion," an effort to bring into the story f the Revolution those who have been long forgotten: poor whites, Indians, African Americans, women. Compared with the likes f Washington and Madison, these people may have been lowly and

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Respiratory, Endocrine, Urinary Systems Coursework

Respiratory, Endocrine, Urinary Systems - Coursework Example As a result, the tissue plays many functions in the body. Some of the functions include support and protection (Human Biology, n.d.). Some of the connective tissues include fat tissue, dense fibrous tissue, bone, blood, and lymph. There are different types of muscle tissue in the body. They include skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. The skeletal tissue helps contraction of skeletal parts of the body (Human Biology, n.d.). The movement of the muscle is voluntary. On the other hand, smooth muscles are found prominently in the internal organ and blood vessels, and it is involuntary (Human Biology, n.d.). Additionally, the cardiac muscle is only located in the walls of the heart (Human Biology, n.d.). The muscle is also involuntary. Nerve tissue also plays a vital role in the body. The nerve tissue comprises of specialized cells (Human Biology, n.d.). The tissue receives stimuli and conduct impulse to and from different parts of the body (Human Biology, n.d.). The microscope helps in clear observation of components of the cutaneous membrane. The outer layer of the membrane appears covered with a tough fibrous structure. Moreover, there are some small pores on the surface of the membrane. Moreover, the cells appear to be organized in layers. On the other hand, the mucous membrane appears covered by the fluid on the surface. Moreover, the surface appears covered by tiny protruding structures. Moreover, the cells appear longitudinal in shape. The synovial membrane is found in various joints in the body(Buzzle, 2014). The membrane comprises soft tissue that lines non-cartilaginous surfaces with joints that have opening (Buzzle, 2014). The membrane usually is bi-layered. The outer layer is known as subintima while the inner layer is known as intima (Buzzle, 2014). The outer layer of the membrane is loose, and the inner layer is located above the pliable membrane (Buzzle, 2014). In conclusion, the microscopy helps in identifying some of the majo r components of the membranes. Moreover, the structures organization appears linked to the adaptation of the membranes.

Sunday, October 6, 2019

Relationship Between Accounting, Accountability and Organizational Essay

Relationship Between Accounting, Accountability and Organizational Control - Essay Example The researcher states that accounting is more than bookkeeping, and is concerned about how these records are put, the analysis of the records and also interpretation. An accountant is concerned with the relationship between the financial results and the events that have led to them. They do study various alternatives that are available to the business and use their knowledge acquired in the accounting field to help managers select the best action plan. Shareholders and management need knowledge in this field so that they get to understand what accountants tell them. Investors also need this knowledge so that they can read and understand the financial statement issued by the business. Since it is a business language all the stakeholders of a business will want to know whether the organization is making a profit or not. It will also help show if the business will meet its commitment as they fall due and not run into bankruptcy. These are only answered by use of accounting information o f the company which can be derived by the equation given by, Total Assets= Total Liabilities + Capital Accountability means taking the responsibility or obligation by an individual or an organization. It has to be done in a transparent manner. The responsibility can take the form of money or properties. In relation to accounting, it takes the form of integrity. That is to say that, the accountant has to be able to take responsibility on any issue regarding the transaction of the firm. Organizations do undertake so many activities on a daily basis. Such activities include the purchase of raw materials for the daily operation of the firm, receiving of payments from the customers, banking of the cash received on a daily basis. All these activities involve transactions and hence there is the responsibility for each and every activity. Each is assigned some duty to be undertaken. The three are related to the following perspectives: a) Performances, there is a high degree required while u ndertaking the three issues. This is because in accounting, an individual performance in meeting different objectives of stakeholders of the firm; accountability takes the form of responsibility and obligation of an individual. The responsibility can be in the form of money or properties. Organizational control is important to the general functioning of an enterprise. It entails planning of what is desired; setting good standards, monitoring the performance of the firm; measuring performance - comparing actual output with that which is expected; and taking accurate measures to correct discrepancies. b) Integrity, The three are pegged on integrity. For example, in accounting, the financial information of the company is prepared on the rules and guidelines of accounting worldwide; accountability, on the other hand, gives obligations to an individual. Organizational control gives an illustration of the level of monitoring and feedback, which is achieved by implementing internal control s. It follows a control loop of assessing systems and procedures, establishing appropriate controls, evaluating outputs and adjusting where necessary. The working definition of the concept of accountability and its relationship to accounting Since accountability refers to a capability of being held responsible for something or being held to account, scrutinized and being required to give an account.

Saturday, October 5, 2019

The Great Wall of China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Great Wall of China - Research Paper Example But what is most interesting is the idea of a wall that would stretch around the Forbidden City and segregate it from all intruders and elevate its position to the â€Å"Heaven† level. At the time of its initial construction, the Wall had been built with stones and tamped dirt but as time passes, the development in construction material which included the use of kilns to manufacture bricks and quarrying have added to its sophistication. Lastly, one of the most important engineering marvels is the use of least number of manpower to construct over 6000 kms of brick walls of different layers and levels. From deep ravines to some of the highest mountains, the Wall has touched them all. Compared to structures of today, the Great Wall still stands out because of its quality, architecture and design. Even though some portions of the Wall have crumbled, its modern equivalents cannot compare to its defensive characteristics and design such as watch towers, barracks, garrison stations, means for signals and trade

Friday, October 4, 2019

Collaborative networks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Collaborative networks - Research Paper Example A major characteristic of having a distributed structure is that even though communications of the team may occur from face to face at times, most part of the work is accomplished when the members are usually geographical separated (Johansen, 1999). Using computer databases resources of papers in Information Technology, Communication and Geography, we will be able to construct collaboration networks among the globally distributed team engaged in airport construction in the third world countries. The reason for selecting these papers is because they will give a variety of the properties that are required in developing a model for an effective global network. The papers will also provide apparent differences that are involved in collaboration networks. The aim of this research paper is to come up with a model that will support globally distributed teams that are engaged in airport construction in the third world countries. Third world countries are known to have low stock based on their infrastructure capability especially in transportation and energy as well as the potential of information technology which have not yet been harnessed fully. The importance that is brought by air transport in countries cannot be measured as it is highly satisfactory. Airport construction in these regions that are not well exploited should be enhanced in order to improve the connectivity as well as the global reach. The need for airport facilities in the third world countries has to be enhanced not only by the quality and amount of physical infrastructure but also by the way in which the distributed team engaged in the construction of the airports are managed. It is necessary for communications and control to be steered up between the distributed te am in the regions for better results. In order to curb the gap that exists in the third world countries with regards to the infrastructure the proposed approach of building

Thursday, October 3, 2019

Fluency Reading Plan Essay Example for Free

Fluency Reading Plan Essay Brief Synopsis- The story takes place on Manor Farm and has a third person perspective. The animals on the farm are unhappy with their current conditions. Led by a few pigs they revolt against the farmer that housed them. They hope to form a utopian farm for all animals. However, Napoleon (one of the pigs that started the revolution) starts to manipulate the animals and the humans around the farm. The farm starts to resemble its former self and Major begins to resemble the villainous farmer. This book is basically depicting communism in an interesting way. Overview of the Unit Reading fluency is an extremely difficult area to assess and instruct. In general, there are three areas that are addressed that make up fluency phonemic awareness (being able to say words and understand the construct of the letters that make up the word), grammar and comprehension. These three areas formed together help a teacher assess the students they have. However, it is still very difficult to classify since fluency seems to come natural to many students especially by grade 8 (Rasinski, 2004). Keeping all of this in mind there still needs to be a definitive gauge for assessment. This unit is based around some reading aloud in class. After the students have read on their own time, having them reread the various passages out loud will help to increase their fluency. According to the book Classrooms that Work, â€Å"repeated readings is a way to help students recognize high-frequency words more easily, thereby strengthening their ease of reading† (Addison-Wesley 1998). This will also allow for the next area of significance to become a link in the fluency chain-vocabulary. The student’s readings will provide opportunities to ask them about the various vocabulary words in this unit. The unit will stress various vocabulary words and a higher order of thinking to gain comprehension. As they read, the teacher can pick out these words and engage the students to see if they comprehend what is being said. If the students do not understand the words, the next step cannot happen which is comprehension. Comprehension and fluency are forever linked. One cannot happen without the other. The easiest way to label it is students must be able to understand what they read. That is why in many younger grades, grade levels are not simply based on the student being able to read the words, but to what degree they understand what they are reading. The main construct of the lesson is to expand the knowledge of the students and have them reading something outside of their normal realm. Students should always feel they are learning something new (Grabe, 2010). This book and unit will allow for that to happen. Reading aloud by the students, by the teacher, and discussions about various vocabulary and plot themes will make this lesson successful. The students will read a great book that is a classic and they will gain an understanding of some high school level vocabulary and thought processes. References Cunningham, P. M. Allington, R. L. Classrooms That Work: They Can All Read and Write. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc. 1999 Rasinski, T. (2004). Creating fluent readers. Educational Leadership, 61(6), 46-51. Grabe, W. (2010). Reading in a second language. Ernst Klett Sprachen.

Samsung Performance Appraisal

Samsung Performance Appraisal Performance appraisal is the process of collecting, observing and analyzing the recorded information about the relative worth of an employee. The min motive behind carrying out the process of performance appraisal is to measure the actual performance of the employees with the expected performance that has been set. 1.2 Process of Performance Appraisal: ESTABLISHING PERFORMANCE STANDARDS: this accounts for the first step in the performance appraisal system which involves setting up of the standards that will act as a base to judge the performance of the employees. It also measures the degree of their contribution towards achieving organizational goals and objectives. The standards set should be clearly communicated, easily understandable and in measurable terms. COMMUNICATING THE STANDARDS: once the standards have been set, it is the duty of the management to effectively communicate the same to their employees so that they are well aware of their duties and responsibilities to be performed. This enables the employees to understand their roles and the kind of performance expected. The standards also have to be duly communicated to the evaluators or appraisers and can undergo changes at this stage if required, on the basis of feedback received from employees or evaluators. MEASURING THE ACTUAL PERFORMANCE: this stage is the most important as it is crucial to measure the actual performance of the employees in the right manner within the specified period of time. Performance appraisal being a continuous process involves monitoring the performance throughout the year and it requires careful selection of appraisal techniques, eliminating degree of personal biasness and providing assistance rather than interfering in an employees work. COMPARING THE ACTUAL WITH THE DESIRED PERFORMANCE: as apparent, this stage involves comparing the actual performance with standard performance and identifying deviations in the same. The deviation can be positive, i.e. actual performance is more than the standard performance or negative, i.e. the actual performance is lower than the desired performance. Thus, the crucial functions to be carried out in this stage are recalling, evaluating and analyzing of the data related to employees performance. DISCUSSING RESULTS: then the result of the performance appraised is communicated and a follow up session with the employees on a one to one basis takes place. The aim of this follow up is to solve problems and reach a consensus. The feedback should be given with a positive attitude or else it might have a negative impact on the employees morale and performance. DECISION MAKING: the final step to performance appraisal system is to take decisions as to improve the performance of the employees, take corrective measures to eliminate the deviations identified and HR related decisions like rewards, promotions, transfers, etc. 1.3 Samsung: Samsung is one of the leading brands of electronics in the world. It has become even more popular with the launch of its android smart phones which are similar to the Apple iPhones. Samsung has several branches in India which are running successfully. Samsung also sells basic mobile phones that are very cheap, thus popular with the lower income groups. We interviewed Mr. Rajesh Dhadich, the Area Business Manager of Samsung, Pune. He was very helpful and provided us with the necessary information about the performance appraisal system that is used in their organization. Samsung uses the traditional method of performance appraisal, i.e target vs. achievement method. The employees performance is evaluated based on their achievement in the specified period, whether they are able to meet their target or not. 1.4 Hierarchy: President Vice president Director All India head regional manager Zonal Self Manager Area Business Manager 2. Objectives of the Study: To observe and analyze the performance of the employees over a specified period of time. To find out the difference between the actual performance and the expected performance. To give the employees feedback of their previous performance. 3. Methodology Adopted: There are two types of methodologies to find out the system of performance appraisal used. They are: Primary data collection Secondary data collection This survey was conducted using primary data collection. Mr. Rajesh Dhadich, Area Business Manager of Samsung, Pune was interviewed. 4.Data Analysis and Interpretation: Do you follow a well-defined performance appraisal system in your organization? Yes, a well-defined performance appraisal system is carried out in the organization where in the employees are judged on the basis of the targets achieved by them. The employees have the freedom to cross question their bosses if they are not satisfied with the rating. Which type of performance appraisal system do you use? Samsung uses a traditional system of performance appraisal. They follow the system of target vs. achievement wherein every employee is given a specific target to achieve in the beginning of the month. This target may vary from an increase in the market share or an increase in the total sales. Depending on the target achieved, performance of the employees is rated. For example, an employee may be given the target of selling 1000 smartphones in one quarter. If the employee achieves his target, he is given a high rating. What is the purpose of having a well-defined performance appraisal process in your organization? Training and development: performance appraisal helps to find out the drawbacks in an employees performance and hence he can be trained in those skills which would help him perform better. Succession planning: through performance appraisal, employees with good leadership are identified, which helps the organization to spot people to fill future key role positions. Does the employee have a clear understanding of his duties and responsibilities? The office provides the employees with an employee friendly Human Resource (HR) Manual at the date of joining which gives them a brief idea about what is expected out of them, their duties, responsibilities, along with their rights. Are the employees free to express themselves in case of a mismatch between the actual and the desired performance? In case the employees are unsatisfied with their bosses ratings and think they deserve more, they are free to post their grievances and differences through a great workplace portal. They are free to express themselves and negotiate with their bosses. For example, if an employee is rated 8 on 10, and he feels he deserves more because of his performance, he is free to express himself and negotiate with his boss and find out the reasons for the bosss rating. This shows that Samsungs work environment is open to discussions and extremely work friendly, which satisfies the employees in the long run. What are the incentives given to the employees apart from monetary benefits? If the employee wishes to buy any electronic gadget, Samsung products are available to him at a discounted rate, say for example 25%. Quarterly rewards are given to the people with the best performance. Further, outstanding performers are given special rewards and allowances. All these induce the employees to perform better and achieve their target. What are the challenges faced by you while evaluating the performance appraisal of the employees? Sometimes due to a positive change in the market conditions, an employee may be able to perform better than his colleague in the previous quarter leading to confusion for the manager as to who has performed better. Due to this reason, it becomes difficult for the manager to differentiate between a performer and non-performer, and rating becomes a little confusing. What is the feedback given by your employees on your performance appraisal system? Employees were asked to rate the performance appraisal system of the company in which it was concluded that 85% of the employees are satisfied with the feedback given to them. 5.Conclusion: Samsung is one of the leading electronic brands having its branches all over India which are running successfully. After conducting a thorough research, it was found that Samsung follows an employee friendly approach of performance appraisal wherein target vs. achievement method is used. Performance appraisal in an organization is very important as it helps in finding out the difference between the actual and the desired performance of an employee. It also helps the employers in guiding their employees to achieve their goals. Training and development of the employees is also possible with the help of a good performance appraisal system. Thus, it is necessary for every organization to have a well-defined performance appraisal system.