State of Play by David Edgar Essay -- masculinity, power, gay men

David Edgar, in his book State of Play: Playwrights on Playwriting (1999) highlights the fact that in the mid 90’s there seemed to be an â€Å"over-arching theme† (edgar, 1999, p27) in contemporary British play that looked at ideas of masculinity. â€Å"Gay plays like Jonathan Harvey’s Beautiful Thing†¦ lad’s plays like Jez Butterworths Mojo†¦ [and] girls-in-a-boys’ gang plays like Irving Welsh’s Trainspotting†¦ address masculinity and its discontents’ (ibid, p.27). In this essay I will look at what ideas of masculinity are, and how these discontents have been addressed in contemporary theatre (and the idea of the â€Å"decline of the dominant role of men†(edgar, 1999, p.28)) and how the crisis of masculinity(ref) has been staged. I will do this by looking at performances from Ron Athey, Franko B, and Gregory Burkes’ Black Watch. Firstly however, I will look at a definition of what masculinity is, in order to discuss what representations of this idea are being performed in the selected pieces of work. Perhaps one of the main reasons as to why there is thought to be a ‘crisis’ of masculinity, is because the term itself is so hard to define, in a sociological sense. Jack Kahn in his book ‘An Introduction to Masculinities’ states that â€Å"masculinity is a hypothetical construct because, in and of itself, it cannot be directly observed and measured† (2009, p.3). This is because â€Å"masculinities and male behavious are not the simple product of genetic codings or biological predispositions† (Whitehead and Barrett, 2001, p.16), it is instead a conceptual idea that is used to explain a collection of behaviors, attitudes, thoughts and emotions that make up a specific identity. masculinity is not just one idea, nor is it specifically a male thing, it is an inte... ...h it had some recognisable substantive basis† (Whitehead and Barrett, 2001, p.53) Works Cited Brittan, A. 1989. Masculinity and power. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. Burke, G. 2007. Black Watch. London: Faber and Faber. Edgar, D. 1999. State of play. London: Faber and Faber. Kahn, J. S. 2009. An introduction to masculinities. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Petersen, A. R. 1998. Unmasking the masculine. London: Sage Publications. Phelan, P. 1993. Unmarked. London: Routledge. Reeser, T. W. 2010. Masculinities in theory. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Richards, M. 2003. Ron Athey, AIDS and the politics of pain. Body, Space and Technology, 3 (2). Sierz, A. 2011. Rewriting the nation. London: Methuen Drama. Walsh, F. 2010. Male trouble. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Whitehead, S. and Barrett, F. J. 2001. The masculinities reader. Cambridge, UK: Polity.

Reason and Irrationality in King Lear :: William Shakespeare Love Essays

Reason and Irrationality in King Lear In King Lear, Shakespeare deals with the issue of reason and irrationality namely by contrasting the Machiavellian tactics of Goneril, Regan, and Edmund with the love Edgar, Gloster, Lear, and Cordelia experience. In doing so, he makes a very profound statement about the nature of human existence—he condemns reason and natural order while promoting the most nonsensical thing in the world: human love. From the text, I ascertain that Shakespeare believes that all anybody needs to survive in the unjust world is love. I, however, believe that this is an unreasonable and unattainable expectation for the world we live in. In order to understand how Shakespeare arrived at his conclusion, it is first necessary to see how he characterized reason and unreason in the text. Reason was found in the egoists, the characters that would be considered the villains or antagonists of the play. Edmund, Goneril, and Regan displayed behavior of methodical ambition for status and power. Their actions reflected the desire to revert to what I deem â€Å"the natural† and discard the contrived conventions of society. For example, Edmund desired to be treated like the human being he was instead of the bastard he was known in society. Goneril and Regan’s treason against their father, though considered disrespectful by society, would be perfectly normal in nature where survival depends on the strongest and fittest. Thus, this conduct is based on reason and the basic means to survive and thrive without interventions from emotions or moral dilemmas. The behavior of these characters is symbolically reflected in the storm. The storm, a natural event, was destructive and nondiscriminatory. It did not care whether there was a king or a beggar in its path. Although the storm appeared to be chaotic, its behavior can be described in scientific terms. When we do this, we find that its movements are very precise and that lightning does not strike randomly but due to the buildup of excess charge in the sky. Thus, the storm, and in fact all things in nature, behaves in calculating and precise manners. Edmund, Goneril, and Regan’s behavior was no different from what can be found in nature. Certain species of animals will kill â€Å"family† members in order to gain territory or become alpha male of the pack.

Basic Prerequisite Skills for the Global Workplace Essay

Outline some of the main issues facing higher education in the 21st century. To what extent is higher education an effective means of both obtaining employment and learning the basic prerequisite skills for the global workplace? Higher Education is one of the most important phenomenons in the 21st century. It is undergoing some major transformations and developments which are mainly effected by Globalization. Such as, international education, global capitalism, spread of culture and media, trade and work. Thus, it’s crucial to interpret the term of Globalization, which becomes a major backdrop of other phenomenon, including high education. Certainly, higher education provides prerequisite skills and higher life opportunities to people. However, the education system today is facing some challenges. There is over-education and over- supply of educational institution and the change of the global labour market. Higher education provides more chances for people to obtaining jobs. People who graduated from university are highly employable due to their wealth knowledge, creativity and ability of solving problems. According to the research of Yue et al. (2004) ‘The level of education level has a significantly positive impact on successful job seeking. The higher the education level, the greater the probability of success. ’ Which indicated that higher education make a positive effective to people in job seeking as well as working in a favorable position. The reputation of the higher education institution also has a significant and positive impact on employment. Graduates from key universities have greater employment probabilities than their counterparts from ordinary universities. The employment rate of graduates of public institutions is significantly higher than for private institutions. (Li, 2008, p8) Moreover, a good paper qualification helps you attract the attention of the boss. Employers are preferred to hire a more promising candidate with a better degree than someone who’s just out of school, without a pretty diploma. Furthermore,people who studied in university can gain more information about potential employment from universities or collages have apparent advantages both in employment probability and the starting salary. (Spence,1973;Stiglitz,1975).

Colonial System (Summary)

The Philippine condition was a reflection of the political, economic and socio-religious developments of Spain. During the 16th and the 17th century almost all European monarchs adopted the political idea of absolutism as well as the economic system of mercantilism. Under the system of mercantilism, the king was involved in extensive intervention of any economic life to foster national growth. The Spanish government was highly centralized in form.All the Spanish governmental powers were all undertaken by this council; executive, legislative and judicial, and were transmitted to all governor-generals in each respective colony. The royal orders and edicts became the guides of any governor-general in administering the Philippines. He was at first appointed by the Viceroy of Mexico and later by the monarch of Spain. His vast powers and the distance of the Philippines from either Spain or Mexico shaped natural tendencies of a governor-general to be abusive. The Philippines was divided int o provinces and special districts.They were known as alcaldias and each under the charge of an alcalde mayor. The special districts were the unconquered regions or corregimientos, where Filipino resistance still went on. Unlike the governor-general, the alcalde mayor never had any legislative power. Only judicial cases over his towns were under his jurisdiction cases involving the amount of not more than Php200. The church prevailing principle of adaptation greatly influenced the Spanish government to relatively retain the prehispanic political structure of the Filipinos.In the beginning of Legaspi’s conquest, the office of gobernadorcillo, which is equivalent to the present town mayor, was heredity; opened to descendants of the datu or chieftains. The mayor political change in the choice of a gobernadorcillo came in 1847, when the Spanish Crown directed and sent the first Spanish Code of Laws for the native Filipinos. The election laws of 1847, according to Arcilla, required the following qualifications: a) he must be a native born; b) he must be 25 years old; c) able to read and write in Spanish; and d) never been guilty of any crime.The election was set in November, for a term of 2 years. The cabeza de barangay remained appointive; all were under the supervisory of the local priest and the alcalde mayor. The governadorcillo was tasked to supervise the collection of taxes in his town and pay the difference from his pocket if the collection of the taxes would not tally to the defective; inadequate census prepared and estimated by the Spanish friars. What made the Philippines government form unique was the union of church and state.By virtue of the Patronato Real, the Spanish king had the right to rule lands discovered, with a duty of supporting the material needs of the church in those lands. In other words, the king had the right to command and demand what was necessary to carry out the task he accepted from Rome, in order to help spread the Christian religion. The mighty Philip II, who had assumed these religious rights, seemed that his interest was in his mind, so, when we speak of the church in the Philippines during the Spanish regime, we mean particularly the Spanish church serving the ends of Spanish empire.The marriage between the church and state enabled the religious to occupy and dominate significant governmental positions. Historians acknowledge the fact that the real representative of the Spanish Crown was the church not the state. The Spanish Church was too conservative while they were responsible for the Christianization of the Filipinos they were also deterrents to nation’s progress thus, in the 19th century the Filipino propagandists, reformists and revolutionists demanded their expulsion from the Philippines.

Music

List the three different types of families that are emerging in the new millennium. Answer: The types of families emerging in the new millennium consist of law marriages, single mothers and fathers, blended families, same-sex parents, and grandparents fulfilling the role of parents to their grandchildren. 2. What are the four ways to protect a cohabitation partner in the event on partner dies? Answer: The four ways to protect a cohabitation partner in the event one partner dies are to prepare a will, own property Jointly, create a power of attorney, and prepare a deiced living will. . What are two of the reasons sociologists have given for the rise in the divorce rate? Answer: Two of the reasons sociologists have given for the rise in the divorce rate are that some are Just dissatisfied with the marriage, or spousal abuse. 4. What are some of the benefits married couples enjoy that cohabitation couples don't? Answer: Some of the benefits married couples enjoy that cohabitation couple s don't are that they are legally recognized being married by the government. 5. How many states allow same sex marriages? Answer: As of 2014, there are 17 tastes with legal same-sex marriage.Critical Thinking Questions 1. A big debate is raging in both the religious and political arenas regarding same sex marriages. Do you think that If people choose to be committed together, they are entitled to be recognized as a married couple? Why or why not? Answer: Yes. If people choose to be committed together, they should be entitled to be recognized as a married couple regardless If It's a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Homosexual couples are no different than heterosexual couples and, therefore, would have the right to marry and be legally considered a married couple. . Why do you think preventing spousal abuse and domestic abuse should be a concern of the government? Do you think It should? Answer: Domestic and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because It I s their responsibility to provide protection from such things. 3. Do you think cohabitation couples should be entitled to the same legal benefits as those who have a marriage license? Answer: Yes, cohabitation couples should be entitled the same legal benefits as those who have a marriage license. . Leona Helmsmen left her millions to her 9 year old dog.She was legally sane at the time-and ran her businesses and corporations until the day she died. Do you think she had the legal right to do what she wanted with her money, or was the Judge In the case within his rights to change Loan's will? Answer: No, I do not think she had the legal right to leave all her money to her dog. The Judge was wealth his rights to change Loan's will. 5. Explain the Importance of a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement In the case of a cohabitation couple who re killed In an auto accident.Answer: It Is Important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship ag reement In the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed In an auto accident In order to keep the state from stepping In. Music By denationalizations marriages. Do you think that if people choose to be committed together, they are a married couple regardless if it's a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Government? Do you think it should? Answer: Domestic and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because it is their responsibility to provide protection n the case within his rights to change Loan's will?Answer: No, I do not think she had the legal right to leave all her money to her dog. The Judge was within his rights to change Loan's will. 5. Explain the importance off will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in an auto accident. Answer: It is important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in a n auto accident in order to keep the state from stepping in. Music Do you have a favorite song? Do you remember what you were doing when you last listened to the song? The common known function of music is that it can change people's mood, an upbeat song gets people going, a sad song makes people cry , however music can do a lot more than that to our brains and bodies. Actually, listening to music can stimulate your brain, which make people recall memories from long time ago and even change people's body temperature. Also, music can enhance people's athletic performance. Brain- MemoryMost often, when people listen to songs he/she is familiar with, it stimulates the hippocampus, the brain part that stores the long-term memory. This can easily explain why people can remember what they are doing when listening to his/her favorite music. For example, my brother always forgets to bring his goggles to his swimming practice. The next time before he goes for practice, he can play the same music he was listening to when he was packing. Some emotions and feel ings are deeply embedded in people's memory when they are listening to a particular song.Musical training has even better effect than Just listening to music. There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training at all. Physically – Body temperature Listening to music can also affects one's body temperature. Simply imagine a creaking screen door, or fingernails scratching on a chalkboard, and how those noises give you Goosebumps or makes you shiver. All kinds of sounds and music can influence our body temperature by affecting blood circulation, pulse rate, breaths, nd even sweating.When I was small, I used to listen to lullaby, they help me to fall asleep. In order to fall asleep, the body must lowers its temperature, so slow and soft music can lowers the body temperature while Loud music like rock and roll, with strong beats and rhythm can make our body temperature rise a few degrees Physical ly- Enhance athletic performance A lot of people wonder why athletes always wear their ‘pods and headphones before their games start. Many studies from showed that music have a simulative effect on the brain and body of athletes.This can easily explain why music doesn't only make working out more pleasant, it also enhances our athletic performance. When listening to music, people are able to hold heavy weights for longer than when they're standing in silence. They can also complete sprints in shorter time and are even able to reduce their oxygen uptake. So how can this be happening? It is all about distraction, when listening to music, people are more likely to torget now much your legs hurt or how much longer you've got to run before you cross the finish line.Also, the synchronicity involved is very important. When your movement is matched with the steady musical pulse, you spend less time and effort on the inefficient slowing down and speeding up that happens when you're go ing by your own rhythm. For others, the role of music is to block out any negative thoughts so that athletes can focus only on the race or match. Why are you interested in the topic? What's your favorite music? What kind of music do you usually listen to? When you want to feel calm? Always have a story Makes me focus more when studying and motivated to do things Music Music itself is an amazing expression of the feelings of the one performing or can help others get through hard times with the musical mixture that creates a song. It's a true talent when beats become rhythmic patterns and a voice levels them out into beautiful tunes. The definition of music is vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. We have many different genres of music in the American history and they have been sung all over the fifty states. I am going to mention just a few of them and discuss the history, origin, and make up of a few concert halls and opera houses. Boston Symphony Concert HallThe Boston Symphony Orchestra gave its first show on October 22, 1881, under the course of Georg Henschel, who remained the director until 1884. For almost twenty years, BSO indicates were held in the old Boston Music Hall; Symphony Hall, one of the world's most worshipped show lobbies, opened on October 15, 1900. Henschel was prevailing by the German-conceived and – prepared conductors Wilhelm Gericke, Arthur Nikisch, Emil Paur, and Max Fiedler, coming full circle in the arrangement of the amazing Karl Muck, who served two residencies, 1906-08 and 1912-18. In 1915 the symphony made its first cross-country trip, playing thirteen shows at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, California. Henri Rabaud, connected with as conductor in 1918, was succeeded a year later by Pierre Monteux. These arrangements denoted the start of a French custom kept up, amid the Russian-conceived Serge Koussevitzky's residency (1924-49), with the work of numerous French-prepared artists. Today the Boston Symphony Orchestra keeps on satisfying and develop the vision of its organizer Henry Lee Higginson, not just through its show exhibitions, instructive contributions, and web nearness, yet additionally through its extending utilization of virtual and electronic media in a way mirroring the BSO's proceeding with consciousness of the present current, consistently evolving, 21st-century world.Carnegie HallCarnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States, located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street, two blocks south of Central Park. In the spring of 1887, on board a ship flying out from New York to London, love birds Andrew Carnegie (the rich industrialist) and Louise Whitfield (little girl of a well-to-do New York vendor) were headed to the prep's local Scotland for their special night. Likewise, on board was the 25-year-old Walter Damrosch, who had quite recently completed his second season as director and melodic chief of the Symphony Society of New York and the Oratorio Society of New York, and was making a trip to Europe for a late spring of concentrate with Hans von Bà ¼low. Through the span of the voyage, the couple built up a fellowship with Damrosch, welcoming him to visit them in Scotland. It was there, at a home called Kilgraston, that Damrosch examined his vision for another show lobby in New York City. Carnegie communicated enthusiasm for conferring a segment of his tremendous riches to the task, and the possibility of Carnegie Hall was conceived. Since it opened in 1891, Carnegie Hall has set the global standard for melodic brilliance as the optimistic goal for the world's finest craftsmen. From Tchaikovsky, Dvo?à ¡k, Mahler, and Bartà ³k to George Gershwin, Billie Holiday, Benny Goodman, Judy Garland, and The Beatles, a respect move of music-production specialists speaking to the finest of each sort has filled Carnegie Hall consistently. The account of Carnegie Hall starts amidst the Atlantic. From right off the bat in its history, Carnegie Hall has been a most loved scene for the world's finest conductors.Old ; New Metropolitan Opera House of New YorkThe primary Metropolitan Opera House opened on October 22, 1883, with an execution of Faust. It was situated at 1411 Broadway in the vicinity of 39th and 40th Streets and was outlined by J. Cleveland Cady. It was just with the advancement of Lincoln Center that the Met could manufacture itself another home. The Metropolitan Opera got its begin after a gathering of New York City moguls had a troublesome time attempting to secure box situate tickets at New York's Academy of Music. The moguls, needing great seats to the most recent theater and performing expressions, chose to begin their own musical drama house in New York City. Their goal was to improve a greater and performing expressions elective than what was at that point offered at the Academy of Music. Amid a period when America was developing and brimming with advancement, the gathering of mogul business people began what might wind up a standout amongst the most surely understood musical drama houses on the planet. The Metropolitan Opera was founded in 1883, with its first opera house built on Broadway and 39th Street by a group of wealthy businessmen who wanted their own theater. In the company's early years, the management changed course several times, first performing everything in Italian (even Carmen and Lohengrin), then everything in German (even Aida and Faust), before finally settling into a policy of performing most works in their original language, with some notable exceptions.Nearly from the earliest starting point, obviously the musical drama house on 39th Street did not have sufficient stage offices. In any case, it was not until the Met joined with other New York organizations in shaping Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts that another home ended up conceivable. The new Metropolitan Opera House, which opened at Lincoln Center in September of 1966, was outfitted with the finest specialized offices. Numerous awesome conductors have helped shape the Met, starting with Wagner's devotee Anton Seidl in the 1890s and Arturo Toscanini who made his introduction in 1908. There were two seasons with the two Toscanini and Gustav Mahler on the directing program. Afterward, Artur Bodanzky, Bruno Walter, George Szell, Fritz Reiner, and Dimitri Mitropoulos contributed capable melodic bearing.ConclusionMusic has been an amazing expression of the feelings of the one performing or can help others get through hard times with the musical mixture that creates a song. It's a true talent when beats become rhythmic patterns and a voice combined together makes things like Jennifer Hudson, she sings opera style music today. The definition of music is vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. We have many different genres of music in the American history and they have been sung all over the fifty states. I am going to mention just a few of them and discuss the history, origin, and make up of a few concert halls and opera houses. ReferencesByrnes, M., ; CityLab. (2014, October 22). The ‘Old Met' In Its Final Days. Retrieved from https://www.citylab.com/design/2014/10/the-old-met-in-its-final-days/381774/Music. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/musicHome | Boston Symphony Orchestra. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.bso.org/About. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.carnegiehall.org Music One way Is that the viceroy for the sass movie was prominent, giving a synopsis of the movie. The 1 sass trailers gave more of an In depth view of a few scenes of the movie, Instead of now where little snippets of a variety of scenes are shown. In the sass they were used as an Informant to show the audience what the movie will be like, however now they can be used as an artistic thing to gain publicity for the movie without even knowing what it is about.Audrey Hepburn and Marilyn Monroe Their acting styles differed. Audrey Hepburn acted in mainly romantic drama movies, when Marilyn Monroe acted in comedic musical movies. Their acting styles differed because they had different personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a confident person with the ability to sing and act at the same time. Audrey was a great actress, perfect for romantic roles. James Dean and Maroon Brandon Actors Like James Dean and Maroon Brand's appearance of rebellion came from the way they dressed, as well as the characters that they played in movies. In JamesDean's movie, he is a rebellious teenager who does not obey his parents, instead doing what he wants. This suggested that teenagers everywhere could stand up against their parents. They also dressed with a leather jacket and seen with a cigarette, looking very rebellious. Shown. In the sass they were used as an informant to show the audience what the because they had deferent personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a Actors like James Dean and Maroon Brand's appearance of rebellion came from the against their parents. They also dressed with a leather Jacket and seen with a Music Do you have a favorite song? Do you remember what you were doing when you last listened to the song? The common known function of music is that it can change people's mood, an upbeat song gets people going, a sad song makes people cry , however music can do a lot more than that to our brains and bodies. Actually, listening to music can stimulate your brain, which make people recall memories from long time ago and even change people's body temperature. Also, music can enhance people's athletic performance. Brain- MemoryMost often, when people listen to songs he/she is familiar with, it stimulates the hippocampus, the brain part that stores the long-term memory. This can easily explain why people can remember what they are doing when listening to his/her favorite music. For example, my brother always forgets to bring his goggles to his swimming practice. The next time before he goes for practice, he can play the same music he was listening to when he was packing. Some emotions and feel ings are deeply embedded in people's memory when they are listening to a particular song.Musical training has even better effect than Just listening to music. There is clear evidence that children who take music lessons develop a better memory compared with children who have no musical training at all. Physically – Body temperature Listening to music can also affects one's body temperature. Simply imagine a creaking screen door, or fingernails scratching on a chalkboard, and how those noises give you Goosebumps or makes you shiver. All kinds of sounds and music can influence our body temperature by affecting blood circulation, pulse rate, breaths, nd even sweating.When I was small, I used to listen to lullaby, they help me to fall asleep. In order to fall asleep, the body must lowers its temperature, so slow and soft music can lowers the body temperature while Loud music like rock and roll, with strong beats and rhythm can make our body temperature rise a few degrees Physical ly- Enhance athletic performance A lot of people wonder why athletes always wear their ‘pods and headphones before their games start. Many studies from showed that music have a simulative effect on the brain and body of athletes.This can easily explain why music doesn't only make working out more pleasant, it also enhances our athletic performance. When listening to music, people are able to hold heavy weights for longer than when they're standing in silence. They can also complete sprints in shorter time and are even able to reduce their oxygen uptake. So how can this be happening? It is all about distraction, when listening to music, people are more likely to torget now much your legs hurt or how much longer you've got to run before you cross the finish line.Also, the synchronicity involved is very important. When your movement is matched with the steady musical pulse, you spend less time and effort on the inefficient slowing down and speeding up that happens when you're go ing by your own rhythm. For others, the role of music is to block out any negative thoughts so that athletes can focus only on the race or match. Why are you interested in the topic? What's your favorite music? What kind of music do you usually listen to? When you want to feel calm? Always have a story Makes me focus more when studying and motivated to do things Music List the three different types of families that are emerging in the new millennium. Answer: The types of families emerging in the new millennium consist of law marriages, single mothers and fathers, blended families, same-sex parents, and grandparents fulfilling the role of parents to their grandchildren. 2. What are the four ways to protect a cohabitation partner in the event on partner dies? Answer: The four ways to protect a cohabitation partner in the event one partner dies are to prepare a will, own property Jointly, create a power of attorney, and prepare a deiced living will. . What are two of the reasons sociologists have given for the rise in the divorce rate? Answer: Two of the reasons sociologists have given for the rise in the divorce rate are that some are Just dissatisfied with the marriage, or spousal abuse. 4. What are some of the benefits married couples enjoy that cohabitation couples don't? Answer: Some of the benefits married couples enjoy that cohabitation couple s don't are that they are legally recognized being married by the government. 5. How many states allow same sex marriages? Answer: As of 2014, there are 17 tastes with legal same-sex marriage.Critical Thinking Questions 1. A big debate is raging in both the religious and political arenas regarding same sex marriages. Do you think that If people choose to be committed together, they are entitled to be recognized as a married couple? Why or why not? Answer: Yes. If people choose to be committed together, they should be entitled to be recognized as a married couple regardless If It's a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Homosexual couples are no different than heterosexual couples and, therefore, would have the right to marry and be legally considered a married couple. . Why do you think preventing spousal abuse and domestic abuse should be a concern of the government? Do you think It should? Answer: Domestic and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because It I s their responsibility to provide protection from such things. 3. Do you think cohabitation couples should be entitled to the same legal benefits as those who have a marriage license? Answer: Yes, cohabitation couples should be entitled the same legal benefits as those who have a marriage license. . Leona Helmsmen left her millions to her 9 year old dog.She was legally sane at the time-and ran her businesses and corporations until the day she died. Do you think she had the legal right to do what she wanted with her money, or was the Judge In the case within his rights to change Loan's will? Answer: No, I do not think she had the legal right to leave all her money to her dog. The Judge was wealth his rights to change Loan's will. 5. Explain the Importance of a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement In the case of a cohabitation couple who re killed In an auto accident.Answer: It Is Important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship ag reement In the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed In an auto accident In order to keep the state from stepping In. Music By denationalizations marriages. Do you think that if people choose to be committed together, they are a married couple regardless if it's a homosexual couple or a heterosexual couple. Government? Do you think it should? Answer: Domestic and spousal abuse should be a concern of the government because it is their responsibility to provide protection n the case within his rights to change Loan's will?Answer: No, I do not think she had the legal right to leave all her money to her dog. The Judge was within his rights to change Loan's will. 5. Explain the importance off will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in an auto accident. Answer: It is important to have a will, a power of attorney document, and a guardianship agreement in the case of a cohabitation couple who are killed in a n auto accident in order to keep the state from stepping in. Music One way Is that the viceroy for the sass movie was prominent, giving a synopsis of the movie. The 1 sass trailers gave more of an In depth view of a few scenes of the movie, Instead of now where little snippets of a variety of scenes are shown. In the sass they were used as an Informant to show the audience what the movie will be like, however now they can be used as an artistic thing to gain publicity for the movie without even knowing what it is about.Audrey Hepburn and Marilyn Monroe Their acting styles differed. Audrey Hepburn acted in mainly romantic drama movies, when Marilyn Monroe acted in comedic musical movies. Their acting styles differed because they had different personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a confident person with the ability to sing and act at the same time. Audrey was a great actress, perfect for romantic roles. James Dean and Maroon Brandon Actors Like James Dean and Maroon Brand's appearance of rebellion came from the way they dressed, as well as the characters that they played in movies. In JamesDean's movie, he is a rebellious teenager who does not obey his parents, instead doing what he wants. This suggested that teenagers everywhere could stand up against their parents. They also dressed with a leather jacket and seen with a cigarette, looking very rebellious. Shown. In the sass they were used as an informant to show the audience what the because they had deferent personalities and talents. For example, Marilyn was a Actors like James Dean and Maroon Brand's appearance of rebellion came from the against their parents. They also dressed with a leather Jacket and seen with a

Anti Animal Testing of Body Shop

3 million. Anita continued to have a large amount creative control over the company until her death in 2007. Description of the issue There are millions of animals including rabbits, guinea pigs, mice and rats continue to suffer and die an agonizing death behind the companies who refuses to give up the practice for nothing more than human vanity. The body shop cares about the treatment of animals so we are continuing to take a leadership role in protecting animals and seek alternatives to animal testing. There are over 300 of The Body Shop stores in United Kingdom have launched pledge to ban animal testing on cosmetics around the world. We have a strict requirement of the human cosmetic standard which was set by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) in order to ensure the process of producing is ethical. Why do we have to against animal testing? All those animals are made to suffer and die in a variety of routine tests for cosmetics products and their ingredients. For example, repeated dose toxicity and reproductive toxicity. Rabbits or rats are force to eat or inhale cosmetics ingredients or have it rubbed onto their shaved skin every day for 90 days and are then killed. As our slogan of â€Å"Beauty with Heart†, we cannot accept this thing happen in the world. We are then in particular to influence all cosmetic industries prohibit in using animal testing for cosmetics or other ingredients that are harmful to animal. Objectives 1. Informational objectives The body shop builds a partnership with Cruelty Free International (CFI) and Leaping Bunny program which is the only standard that ensures there is no animal testing secured at any phase of product development. It is in order to create an industry-changing impact and to provide transferability to others in the cosmetic industries. 2. Attitudinal objectives The body shop builds a relationship with customers by using their powers to influence with suppliers to address and eliminate the animal testing issue. Implementation This issue is crucial to all protect animal organizations and customers. The Body Shop has carried out this campaign with CFI and we seek global ban of animals to test cosmetic. International Values and RD Director of the Body Shop have taken the lead of a long commitment to this cause and Our Technical Compliance Team is responsible for ensuring that no ingredients we use have been tested on animals since the end of December 1990. We do support CFI to achieve a worldwide ban on animal testing. In 1996, we have already collected over 4-million petition signatures and delivered to the European Commission with the success of banning on animal testing for finished cosmetics products in 2004. Croatia and Norway have followed suit by banning animal tests for cosmetics and ingredients and in 2015 Israel will also implement a ban. Although European Union has announced the policy on banning animal testing, there is still approximately 80% of the world allows animals to be used in cruel experiments. We still need to continue supporting CFI to achieve this mission. Communication Plan Constituencies Constituent groups include: animal rights organization, animal protection groups, suppliers and their trade organizations; customers, investors, animal scientists and other academic in the animal science arena and media. We focus on one of the target – customers as the main stakeholder that would direct affect our market on cosmetic industries. The Body Shop audits regularly to ensure absolute compliance with British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) Humane Cosmetics Standard (HCS). We are committed to our Against Animal Testing policy as we ever were and to guarantee that one of our products are tested on animals. We communicate clearly on our policies to customers and suppliers; hope to create a bigger influence to all cosmetic users throughout the world. Responses of constituency (Source: Cruelty Free International) As the report has mentioned that we have successfully collected over 4-million petition signatures to support anti-animal testing program. Customers are more willing to put efforts to encourage this program all over the world. To show our promise to influence over 80% of the world, we raise awareness among employees and listen to our stakeholders in order to maintain, measure, monitor and report on our performance. On the other hand, we have invited volunteers to promote our message of against cosmetic testing on animal by creating a 400 people flash mob taking a stance in support of CFI’s campaign in June, 2012. So as to response our stakeholders, we have published our campaign on our official website, www. thebodyshop. co. uk/ . Corporation The Body Shop believes that all animals have their value and respect; we will continue to lead the way of opposing animal testing by demonstrating the highest monitoring standards and clear customer communication. We are glad to gain trust from our customers to support our program, so we have labeled our products against animal testing to ensure the continued awareness of our customers and employees. The body shop is looking forward to build up a good relationship with customers in order to continue our mission of this issue. We also desire to use it purchasing power and influence with customers to address and eliminate the cosmetic animal testing. Our whole company will be involved in this issue especially the connection with our supplier as we need to ensure all of our products are not tested by animals. Therefore, we will first study whether the ingredients can be bought in organic or Fair Trade form and what certification can be provided. We are now part of the leading beauty group in the world, L’Oreal but our commitment and principle of ethical have not changed. This corporation would only make us to have stronger resources to influence the whole world about this issue. Since L’Oreal is well- known for the quality of their scientific research and they have been applying that expertise to finding alternatives to animal testing for cosmetics. One particular success has been the development of a new synthetic epidermis called â€Å"Episkin†, which mimics the physiology and reaction of human skin so well that it can be used to test the effects of many chemicals. We are hopeful that this addition to the range of non-animal test will make a significant difference to overall cosmetics sector, as it has been made available to use for the whole industry. The body shop has founded over 35 years with a positive reputation thanks to all employees and customers’ encouragement. The Body Shop has been praised by customers as the British brand with the best corporate reputation, according to a new survey by brand consultancy Added Value. Despite The Body Shop’s acquisition by the global beauty group, L’Oreal, it remains a brand recognized for its ethical viewpoint, although it may need to keep abreast of changing consumer attitudes to hold onto its leadership position. Nevertheless, we always keep our good reputation to continue persuading other countries on non-animal testing. Messages The body shop has launched several events to convey the message of anti-animal testing through the media. Instance, the biggest ambitious campaign is the partnership with CFI telling the world about the cause of animal testing with facts and empathy to all people who loves beauty with heart. We are calling on governments for a ban on animal testing for cosmetics in every country around the world by signing the pledge at our stores. We have to send a strong message to governments that cruelty-free is not just humane; it is a good way to do business too and these entire signatures by customers or people who love beauty with heart presented to relevant governments and stakeholders who can influence the introduction of a ban. We are proud to have the support of CFI and the pledges with all signatures will enable to do all we can to ensure that no animals are harmed in tests for the cosmetics industry. The body shop has expended the campaign internet to let people who are not located in our stores to give a support on this issue. Apart from the corporation with CFI, The Body Shop has also done different kind of means to promote our message such as labeling our important message â€Å"Against animal testing† on all of our products. We are in processing on holding several beauty contests to get attention from all customers on this issue. For example, we are going to launch two beauty competitions. Beauty with heart make-up competition is a competition aim at showing human’s beauty by using our The Body Shop make-up products. We want to give a message of showing our making procedures of all products are ethical without any harm to animals. Either of showing how natural and pure of our products, the importance of beauty is also one of the main points that we want to give out. Being beautiful is not only for the appearance but also the inner beauty of a person. To love myself is to firstly love others include animals; we have to understand the highest standard of beautiful is being beauty with moral and spiritual. Video education of beauty competition, we want to convey the cruel fact of animal testing on animal to all customers and also students. We have to strike a balance between beauties and ethical on business, we wish to spread our issue to our next generation; therefore video education is the most effective way of telling them the importance of inner beauty. This aims to structure the trustiest part of animal testing process to let people understand animal can be beautiful too if we stop killing and harming them, animal should deserve a fair treat as human being. Through the process of animal testing, we wish to educate or tell the truth of beauty to everyone around the world. The alternatives to using animals to test cosmetics These modern methods are more relevant to humans and have been found to predict human reactions better than the traditional outdated animal tests. According to the CFI, â€Å"to assess skin irritation alternatives such as Reconstituted Human Epidermis, like the skin model EPISKIN, can be used. These tests use reconstituted human skin donated from cosmetic surgery and have been shown to be more effective than the original cruel rabbit Draize skin test that they replace. Models also exist and can be used to replace cruel animal tests for eye irritation, the effects of skin sensitization can be predicted by looking at proteins in-vitro (in a test tube), and phototoxicity can also be assessed with a cell based test. † Furthermore, companies can prove their products are safe by utilizing established ingredients. There are, for example, almost 20,000 ingredients in the European Union’s database for which safety data is available. Evaluation Response of constituencies As noticed above, The Body Shop has already collected over 4 million signatures with estimated 275 million people a year who visit our stores. With over millions of volunteers who support us by making videos and spread our message through social networking devices such as Facebook, YouTube as well as Twitter with a vote on our issue. Corporation After being acquired by L’Oreal, a company accused of using animal testing. There was some speculation over if The Body Shop would continue to have this same standard of no animal testing, but the company seemed to be unchanged, keeping all its values intact. Awards In October 2009, The Body Shop was awarded a ‘Lifetime Achievement Award’ by the  RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) in Britain. They were given this honor for complying with the strict requirements of the Humane Cosmetics Standards. Result In 2004, European Union is banned the animal testing for cosmetics. Croatia and Norway have followed suit by banning animal tests for cosmetics and ingredients and in 2015 Israel will also implement a ban. We have also successfully influenced other beauty companies with the help of CFI to ban on animal testing which has shown on the appendices. Reference Unknown. (2012). Against Animal Testing. Retrieved from http://www. thebodyshop. om/values/AgainstAnimalTesting. aspx The Body Shop International plc. (2012). 2012 Annual value report. Bostrock and Pollitt Limited, London. Retrieved from http://www. thebodyshop. com/content/pdf/global-values_report. pdf Source. (2008). The Body Shop praised by consumers as brand with best reputation in Britain. Retrieved from http://www. added-value. com/source/2008/03/the-body-shop-praised-by-consumers-as-brand-with-best-reputatio n-in-britain/ Cruelty-Free International. (2012). Animal Tests and Alternatives. Retrieved from http://www. rueltyfreeinternational. org/en/the-issue/animal-tests-and-alternatives Tatiana Houdegbe. (2011). The Body Shop. Retrieved from http://fashionwithaheart. wordpress. com/2011/05/20/the-body-shop-csr/ Appendices Ranking of The Body Shop The online CFI Pledge The label of against animal testing on products ——————————————– [ 1 ]. 400 people took a stance against animal testing for cosmetics in support of Cruelty-Free International’s Campaign. With reference on http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=miMoU7GO2JEfeature=related Anti Animal Testing of Body Shop 3 million. Anita continued to have a large amount creative control over the company until her death in 2007. Description of the issue There are millions of animals including rabbits, guinea pigs, mice and rats continue to suffer and die an agonizing death behind the companies who refuses to give up the practice for nothing more than human vanity. The body shop cares about the treatment of animals so we are continuing to take a leadership role in protecting animals and seek alternatives to animal testing. There are over 300 of The Body Shop stores in United Kingdom have launched pledge to ban animal testing on cosmetics around the world. We have a strict requirement of the human cosmetic standard which was set by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) in order to ensure the process of producing is ethical. Why do we have to against animal testing? All those animals are made to suffer and die in a variety of routine tests for cosmetics products and their ingredients. For example, repeated dose toxicity and reproductive toxicity. Rabbits or rats are force to eat or inhale cosmetics ingredients or have it rubbed onto their shaved skin every day for 90 days and are then killed. As our slogan of â€Å"Beauty with Heart†, we cannot accept this thing happen in the world. We are then in particular to influence all cosmetic industries prohibit in using animal testing for cosmetics or other ingredients that are harmful to animal. Objectives 1. Informational objectives The body shop builds a partnership with Cruelty Free International (CFI) and Leaping Bunny program which is the only standard that ensures there is no animal testing secured at any phase of product development. It is in order to create an industry-changing impact and to provide transferability to others in the cosmetic industries. 2. Attitudinal objectives The body shop builds a relationship with customers by using their powers to influence with suppliers to address and eliminate the animal testing issue. Implementation This issue is crucial to all protect animal organizations and customers. The Body Shop has carried out this campaign with CFI and we seek global ban of animals to test cosmetic. International Values and RD Director of the Body Shop have taken the lead of a long commitment to this cause and Our Technical Compliance Team is responsible for ensuring that no ingredients we use have been tested on animals since the end of December 1990. We do support CFI to achieve a worldwide ban on animal testing. In 1996, we have already collected over 4-million petition signatures and delivered to the European Commission with the success of banning on animal testing for finished cosmetics products in 2004. Croatia and Norway have followed suit by banning animal tests for cosmetics and ingredients and in 2015 Israel will also implement a ban. Although European Union has announced the policy on banning animal testing, there is still approximately 80% of the world allows animals to be used in cruel experiments. We still need to continue supporting CFI to achieve this mission. Communication Plan Constituencies Constituent groups include: animal rights organization, animal protection groups, suppliers and their trade organizations; customers, investors, animal scientists and other academic in the animal science arena and media. We focus on one of the target – customers as the main stakeholder that would direct affect our market on cosmetic industries. The Body Shop audits regularly to ensure absolute compliance with British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) Humane Cosmetics Standard (HCS). We are committed to our Against Animal Testing policy as we ever were and to guarantee that one of our products are tested on animals. We communicate clearly on our policies to customers and suppliers; hope to create a bigger influence to all cosmetic users throughout the world. Responses of constituency (Source: Cruelty Free International) As the report has mentioned that we have successfully collected over 4-million petition signatures to support anti-animal testing program. Customers are more willing to put efforts to encourage this program all over the world. To show our promise to influence over 80% of the world, we raise awareness among employees and listen to our stakeholders in order to maintain, measure, monitor and report on our performance. On the other hand, we have invited volunteers to promote our message of against cosmetic testing on animal by creating a 400 people flash mob taking a stance in support of CFI’s campaign in June, 2012. So as to response our stakeholders, we have published our campaign on our official website, www. thebodyshop. co. uk/ . Corporation The Body Shop believes that all animals have their value and respect; we will continue to lead the way of opposing animal testing by demonstrating the highest monitoring standards and clear customer communication. We are glad to gain trust from our customers to support our program, so we have labeled our products against animal testing to ensure the continued awareness of our customers and employees. The body shop is looking forward to build up a good relationship with customers in order to continue our mission of this issue. We also desire to use it purchasing power and influence with customers to address and eliminate the cosmetic animal testing. Our whole company will be involved in this issue especially the connection with our supplier as we need to ensure all of our products are not tested by animals. Therefore, we will first study whether the ingredients can be bought in organic or Fair Trade form and what certification can be provided. We are now part of the leading beauty group in the world, L’Oreal but our commitment and principle of ethical have not changed. This corporation would only make us to have stronger resources to influence the whole world about this issue. Since L’Oreal is well- known for the quality of their scientific research and they have been applying that expertise to finding alternatives to animal testing for cosmetics. One particular success has been the development of a new synthetic epidermis called â€Å"Episkin†, which mimics the physiology and reaction of human skin so well that it can be used to test the effects of many chemicals. We are hopeful that this addition to the range of non-animal test will make a significant difference to overall cosmetics sector, as it has been made available to use for the whole industry. The body shop has founded over 35 years with a positive reputation thanks to all employees and customers’ encouragement. The Body Shop has been praised by customers as the British brand with the best corporate reputation, according to a new survey by brand consultancy Added Value. Despite The Body Shop’s acquisition by the global beauty group, L’Oreal, it remains a brand recognized for its ethical viewpoint, although it may need to keep abreast of changing consumer attitudes to hold onto its leadership position. Nevertheless, we always keep our good reputation to continue persuading other countries on non-animal testing. Messages The body shop has launched several events to convey the message of anti-animal testing through the media. Instance, the biggest ambitious campaign is the partnership with CFI telling the world about the cause of animal testing with facts and empathy to all people who loves beauty with heart. We are calling on governments for a ban on animal testing for cosmetics in every country around the world by signing the pledge at our stores. We have to send a strong message to governments that cruelty-free is not just humane; it is a good way to do business too and these entire signatures by customers or people who love beauty with heart presented to relevant governments and stakeholders who can influence the introduction of a ban. We are proud to have the support of CFI and the pledges with all signatures will enable to do all we can to ensure that no animals are harmed in tests for the cosmetics industry. The body shop has expended the campaign internet to let people who are not located in our stores to give a support on this issue. Apart from the corporation with CFI, The Body Shop has also done different kind of means to promote our message such as labeling our important message â€Å"Against animal testing† on all of our products. We are in processing on holding several beauty contests to get attention from all customers on this issue. For example, we are going to launch two beauty competitions. Beauty with heart make-up competition is a competition aim at showing human’s beauty by using our The Body Shop make-up products. We want to give a message of showing our making procedures of all products are ethical without any harm to animals. Either of showing how natural and pure of our products, the importance of beauty is also one of the main points that we want to give out. Being beautiful is not only for the appearance but also the inner beauty of a person. To love myself is to firstly love others include animals; we have to understand the highest standard of beautiful is being beauty with moral and spiritual. Video education of beauty competition, we want to convey the cruel fact of animal testing on animal to all customers and also students. We have to strike a balance between beauties and ethical on business, we wish to spread our issue to our next generation; therefore video education is the most effective way of telling them the importance of inner beauty. This aims to structure the trustiest part of animal testing process to let people understand animal can be beautiful too if we stop killing and harming them, animal should deserve a fair treat as human being. Through the process of animal testing, we wish to educate or tell the truth of beauty to everyone around the world. The alternatives to using animals to test cosmetics These modern methods are more relevant to humans and have been found to predict human reactions better than the traditional outdated animal tests. According to the CFI, â€Å"to assess skin irritation alternatives such as Reconstituted Human Epidermis, like the skin model EPISKIN, can be used. These tests use reconstituted human skin donated from cosmetic surgery and have been shown to be more effective than the original cruel rabbit Draize skin test that they replace. Models also exist and can be used to replace cruel animal tests for eye irritation, the effects of skin sensitization can be predicted by looking at proteins in-vitro (in a test tube), and phototoxicity can also be assessed with a cell based test. † Furthermore, companies can prove their products are safe by utilizing established ingredients. There are, for example, almost 20,000 ingredients in the European Union’s database for which safety data is available. Evaluation Response of constituencies As noticed above, The Body Shop has already collected over 4 million signatures with estimated 275 million people a year who visit our stores. With over millions of volunteers who support us by making videos and spread our message through social networking devices such as Facebook, YouTube as well as Twitter with a vote on our issue. Corporation After being acquired by L’Oreal, a company accused of using animal testing. There was some speculation over if The Body Shop would continue to have this same standard of no animal testing, but the company seemed to be unchanged, keeping all its values intact. Awards In October 2009, The Body Shop was awarded a ‘Lifetime Achievement Award’ by the  RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) in Britain. They were given this honor for complying with the strict requirements of the Humane Cosmetics Standards. Result In 2004, European Union is banned the animal testing for cosmetics. Croatia and Norway have followed suit by banning animal tests for cosmetics and ingredients and in 2015 Israel will also implement a ban. We have also successfully influenced other beauty companies with the help of CFI to ban on animal testing which has shown on the appendices. Reference Unknown. (2012). Against Animal Testing. Retrieved from http://www. thebodyshop. om/values/AgainstAnimalTesting. aspx The Body Shop International plc. (2012). 2012 Annual value report. Bostrock and Pollitt Limited, London. Retrieved from http://www. thebodyshop. com/content/pdf/global-values_report. pdf Source. (2008). The Body Shop praised by consumers as brand with best reputation in Britain. Retrieved from http://www. added-value. com/source/2008/03/the-body-shop-praised-by-consumers-as-brand-with-best-reputatio n-in-britain/ Cruelty-Free International. (2012). Animal Tests and Alternatives. Retrieved from http://www. rueltyfreeinternational. org/en/the-issue/animal-tests-and-alternatives Tatiana Houdegbe. (2011). The Body Shop. Retrieved from http://fashionwithaheart. wordpress. com/2011/05/20/the-body-shop-csr/ Appendices Ranking of The Body Shop The online CFI Pledge The label of against animal testing on products ——————————————– [ 1 ]. 400 people took a stance against animal testing for cosmetics in support of Cruelty-Free International’s Campaign. With reference on http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=miMoU7GO2JEfeature=related

Islamic Law and the Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Islamic Law and the Modern World - Essay Example Thesis statement: The Islamic Law is less important in the modern world because the same does not support democratic ideology, limits individual freedom, less secular, hijacks politics, manipulates economics, against modernity, and limits basic human rights within religious belief. The concept of democracy envisions equal opportunity for all within national boundary. Besides, democracy is totally against the influence of royal families and religions groups over national politics. This is important for a modern state because democracy allows equal opportunity to all citizens. On the other side, an individual’s religions belief determines his/her worth and rights in an Islamic nation. To be specific, the laws related to Islam limits the scope of democracy within Islamic nations. For instance, the Islamic nations never allow democracy within national politics because democracy allows citizens to choose their government. Fatima Mernissi (2009, p.16) states that, ‘The pouring of masses onto the streets during the Gulf War, their calling for democracy, passed unnoticed in the Western media’. But some nations (Muslim majority) try to inculcate democracy within the mainstream society, known as Islamic democracy. For instance, some secular nations l ike Turkey try to redefine Islamic principles to inculcate democracy into the society. Still, this is not an easy task because Islamic principles, especially Sharia, are not in favor of democratic thought. Similarly, some other Islamic nations, like Pakistan, are not totally against democracy because Islamic law is not the one and only law in these nations. So, one cannot plainly blame Islam for the less scope of democracy within nations because the political elite and religious elite classes are responsible for the same. On the other side, the religious fundamentalist groups are in favor of the strict implementation of laws related to Islam.